![\"Paul](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1511px-Paul_Cezanne_-_Still_life_with_kettle_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg\" "\\"1511px-Paul_Cezanne_-_Still_life_with_kettle_-_Google_Art_Project\\"")
\n\t01<\/p>\n\tText by Guy Davenport \uac00\uc774 \ub2e4\ubca4\ud3ec\ud2b8
\nTranslation by Mimi Park\u00a0\ubc15\uc0c1\ubbf8\n\t
Between the gathering of food and its consumption there is an interval when it is on display. To this arrangement of eggs on the sideboard, as may be, brought in from the henhouse (in Tuscany in the time of Horace, in the South Carolina of my childhood, in Yorkshire, in Normandy), apples and pears from the orchard, a string of fish from the river, a brace of partridges flecked with blood, a basket of squash and beans from the garden, the Dutch gave the name still life around the middle of the seventeenth century.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t
A. P. A. Vorenkamp tells us in his history of Dutch still life that the word comes from the jargon of painters:\u00a0leven<\/em>, “alive,” for drawings made from a model. A\u00a0vrouwenleven<\/em>\u00a0was a female model, and one who, from time to time, while posing, needed to move; a\u00a0stillleven<\/em>-fruit, flowers, or fishremained still. This was a general term, used by painters and dealers. People who fancied still life for their walls, of whom there were more in Renaissance Netherlands than at any other time in history, used such designations as\u00a0ontbijt<\/em>, breakfast or snack;\u00a0banket<\/em>, by which the Dutch mean not only our banquet but a copious array of pastries; or the sumptuous\u00a0pronkstillleven<\/em>, an ostentatious table such as Chaucer gives the Franklin, who was “Epicurus owene sone”:<\/p>\n\t His breed, his-ale, was alweys after oon;<\/em> The\u00a0pronkstillleven<\/em>,\u00a0as we shall see, can be used to voluptuous ends, as by Keats in “The Eve of St. Agnes,” or to joyous ones, as with Dickens’s Christmas feasts, or comic ones, as with the grand spreads laid out by Thomas Love Peacock’s epicurean squires and eccentrics, or to elaborately symbolic ends, as with Joyce in “The Dead” or Edgar Allan Poe-with another kind of\u00a0pronkstillleven<\/em>,\u00a0of philosophical and poetic emblems such as we find in Holbein’s\u00a0Ambassadors\u00a0<\/em>and Durer’s\u00a0Melencolia<\/em>.\u00a0Epicurean, let us note, has its own history as a kind of table fare. Historically it should mean the simple meal of a philosopher of admirable restraint: an actual meal of Epicurus comes down to us-goat cheese, plain bread, and a pitcher of cold spring water-equaled, perhaps, by Milton’s heroic late-night refreshment of a pipe of tobacco and a glass of cold water. But “Epicurean” turned into the sense the Arabic word from which his name derives still has,\u00a0bikouros<\/em>\u00a0(especially used by Moroccans of the Anglican clergy), high living and rich eating.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t Still life begins in history at two points, in Egypt and in Israel, establishing two themes that will persist in unbroken tradition until our time.<\/p>\n\n Primitive peoples feed their dead. In the most ancient of graves we find dishes and cruses. From the earliest times that we know of in Egypt, food was given by pious offspring to their deceased parents: the\u00a0ka<\/em>,\u00a0or soul, could eat. Its hieroglyph is that prehistoric and lasting gesture of praise, uplifted arms. And when, after a long time, there was no more family to feed actual food to an ancestor, there was a picture of a meal painted on the tomb wall, and the\u00a0ka\u00a0could survive on that until the coming forth\u00a0by\u00a0day, of Osiris, when time will stop, and the righteous dwell forever in the eternal July of the\u00a0redeemed\u00a0Egypt.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t That, it seems to\u00a0me, is\u00a0the real root of still\u00a0life-an utterly\u00a0primitive and archaic feeling that a picture of\u00a0food\u00a0has some sustenance. Something\u00a0close\u00a0to this\u00a0idea must\u00a0have been behind\u00a0the neolithic cave paintings, which almost\u00a0invariably\u00a0depict animals.\u00a0All\u00a0the theories make sense: that these animal\u00a0images\u00a0were\u00a0drawn in\u00a0the earth’s womb to enhance fertility;\u00a0that\u00a0the\u00a0image\u00a0was\u00a0identified\u00a0magically with the animal,\u00a0and\u00a0that\u00a0to slay the\u00a0image\u00a0would ensure slaying the\u00a0animal; or\u00a0a more engaging theory, that the\u00a0images\u00a0were restorations of slain animals, an offering to some god of a replacement of a\u00a0part\u00a0of\u00a0his\u00a0creation that we, to stay\u00a0alive, have had to\u00a0kill and eat.<\/p>\n\n Whatever the\u00a0truth of\u00a0picturing\u00a0food,\u00a0the\u00a0reasoning will have\u00a0transmuted, culture\u00a0by\u00a0culture,\u00a0over\u00a0the millennia.\u00a0Franz Kafka\u00a0tells us\u00a0this\u00a0parable:<\/p>\n\t Leopards\u00a0break into\u00a0the\u00a0temple and drink to the dregs what was in the sacrificial pitchers; this is repeated over and over again; finally it can be calculated in advance, and becomes a part of the ceremony.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t In the study of still\u00a0life,\u00a0we must be prepared for leopards that have become a\u00a0part\u00a0of the ceremony. Still\u00a0life\u00a0persists for four thousand\u00a0years,\u00a0and deserves study for that alone. The portrait arises and falls\u00a0away, or\u00a0is forbidden, or\u00a0loses\u00a0significance (as in our times). Landscape\u00a0is\u00a0intermittent-we\u00a0rarely find\u00a0it even in\u00a0descriptions. Pausanias described Greece\u00a0without\u00a0a single view of\u00a0meadow\u00a0or wood,\u00a0riverbank\u00a0or mountain.\u00a0All the\u00a0genres of\u00a0painting\u00a0except still\u00a0life\u00a0are discontinuous, and only\u00a0the lyric poem,\u00a0or song, can claim so ancient a\u00a0part\u00a0of\u00a0our\u00a0culture among the expressive\u00a0arts. The\u00a0other\u00a0beginning\u00a0of still\u00a0life,\u00a0as a subject, is in the\u00a0Book\u00a0of\u00a0Amos.\u00a0A prophet of\u00a0the\u00a0eighth century B.c., Amos was a\u00a0contemporary\u00a0of\u00a0Jeroboam\u00a0the Second\u00a0(783-741),\u00a0after\u00a0whose\u00a0reign\u00a0the kingdom\u00a0of\u00a0Israel\u00a0fell into\u00a0confusion and collapse. Amos, a\u00a0dresser\u00a0of sycamore\u00a0trees\u00a0and\u00a0a\u00a0shepherd,\u00a0was\u00a0given a vision\u00a0by\u00a0God. At Amos\u00a08:1-2,<\/p>\n\t Thus hath\u00a0the\u00a0lord\u00a0GOD\u00a0shewed\u00a0unto\u00a0me, and\u00a0beholde,\u00a0a basket of summer\u00a0fruit.\u00a0And\u00a0he\u00a0said, Amos, what seest thou?\u00a0And I\u00a0sayde: a\u00a0basket\u00a0of summer fruit. Then said\u00a0the\u00a0LORD\u00a0unto me, The\u00a0ende is come upon my people of\u00a0Israel;\u00a0I\u00a0will\u00a0not\u00a0again pass\u00a0by them\u00a0any more.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t *\ud55c \uc190\uc5d0 \uba38\ub9ac\ub97c \uad38 \ucc44 \uc0dd\uac01\uc5d0 \ube60\uc838\uc788\ub294 \ucc9c\uc0ac\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc740 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uba5c\ub791\ucf5c\ub9ac\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \ud3ec\uc988\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9bc \uc18d \uc815\ubb3c\uc740 \ub974\ub124\uc0c1\uc2a4 \uc608\uc220\uac00\uc758 \uacfc\ud559\uc801, \ucc3d\uc870\uc801 \uc18c\uba85\uc744 \uc0c1\uc9d5\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ud558\ud559\uc801 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \ubb3c\uac74\ub4e4(\ub2e4\uba74\uccb4, \uad6c), \uae30\uad6c\ub098 \ub3c4\uad6c\ub4e4(\uc800\uc6b8, \ub300\ud328, \ubabb \ub4f1) \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uba5c\ub791\ucf5c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc0c1\uc9d5\ud558\ub294 \ubb3c\uac74\ub4e4, \uc0ac\ub2e4\ub9ac, \ubaa8\ub798\uc2dc\uacc4, \uc5f4\uc1e0\uc640 \uc8fc\uba38\ub2c8 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\t The King James translators\u00a0put as\u00a0their rubric\u00a0in\u00a0the margin:\u00a0“By a\u00a0basket\u00a0of\u00a0summer\u00a0fruit, it\u00a0is shewed the\u00a0propinquitie\u00a0of\u00a0Israel’s end.”<\/p>\n\n Vanitas\u00a0<\/em>vanitatem<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0memento mori<\/em>:\u00a0a still\u00a0life becomes\u00a0a symbol\u00a0of what we\u00a0shall\u00a0have taken\u00a0from us, though at the\u00a0moment it is\u00a0a sign of\u00a0God’s\u00a0goodness and\u00a0the bounty\u00a0of nature.<\/p>\n\n “Hear\u00a0this,”\u00a0said\u00a0Amos,\u00a0“O\u00a0ye\u00a0that\u00a0swallow\u00a0up\u00a0the\u00a0needy,\u00a0even\u00a0to\u00a0make\u00a0the poor\u00a0of\u00a0the land to\u00a0fail, saying, When will the new Moone be gone,\u00a0that\u00a0we\u00a0may\u00a0sell corne? and the Sabbath, that we may set forth\u00a0wheat, making the ephah small, and\u00a0the\u00a0shekel great, and falsifying the balances by\u00a0deceit?\u00a0that we may\u00a0buy\u00a0the poor for silver, and the needy for a pair of shoes … ?”<\/p>\n\n To\u00a0the vision of the\u00a0basket\u00a0of summer fruit the\u00a0Lord\u00a0adds\u00a0one of\u00a0Himself\u00a0upon a wall\u00a0made\u00a0by a\u00a0plumb\u00a0line, with\u00a0a plumb line in His hand.<\/p>\n\t And\u00a0the\u00a0LORD\u00a0said\u00a0unto\u00a0me, Amos, what seest thou?\u00a0And I Plumb line,\u00a0anakk<\/em>;\u00a0grief,\u00a0anaqah<\/em>.\u00a0Summer fruit,\u00a0qayits<\/em>,\u00a0an ending,\u00a0qaits<\/em>.\u00a0We shall see\u00a0that\u00a0the still life\u00a0likes\u00a0puns and double meanings, as in Amos’s rhetoric.<\/p>\n\n If\u00a0greed,\u00a0rapacity,\u00a0and selfishness are\u00a0the\u00a0opposite of the grace of a basket of summer fruit, Amos gives us one of\u00a0the most\u00a0beautiful of hyperboles at\u00a0the\u00a0end of his\u00a0book,\u00a0where\u00a0he\u00a0describes what might be, if two walk together and be agreed, and man and God walk together.<\/p>\n\t Behold,\u00a0the daies come, saith the\u00a0LORD, that\u00a0the plowman<\/em> That is, the basket will again be full of summer fruit. We can see that basket-filled with apples, pears, and figs-in Roman mosaics when the empire was at its most orderly and majestic; we can see it in the great renaissance of still life in the Netherlands after the expulsion of the Spanish and while the Dutch were refining the art of living to a high degree. We can see it in nineteenth-century American painting as a celebration of the land’s goodness.<\/p>\n\t \uc74c\uc2dd\uc744 \ub9c8\ub828\ud574\uc11c \uc74c\uc2dd\uc744 \uba39\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadf8 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc74c\uc2dd\uc774 \uc5b4\ub518\uac00\uc5d0 \ub193\uc774\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774\ub2e4. \ub2ed\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uaebc\ub0b4\uc640 \ubd80\uc5cc \uc0ac\uc774\ub4dc\ubcf4\ub4dc\uc5d0 \uc62c\ub824 \ub193\uc740 \uacc4\ub780\uc774\ub098(\ud638\ub808\uc774\uc2a4\uac00 \uc0b4\ub358 \ub54c\uc758 \ud22c\uc2a4\uce74\ub2c8\ub098, \ub0b4\uac00 \uc5b4\ub9b0 \uc2dc\uc808\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b8 \uc0ac\uc6b0\uc2a4 \uce90\ub864\ub77c\uc774\ub098, \uc694\ud06c\uc154\uc5b4, \ub178\ub974\ub9dd\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c) \uacfc\uc218\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \ub530\uc628 \uc0ac\uacfc\uc640 \ubc30, \uac15\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7a1\uc544\uc628, \uc904\ub85c \uc5ee\uc740 \ubb3c\uace0\uae30\ub4e4, \uad70\ub370\uad70\ub370 \ud53c\uac00 \ubb3b\uc740 \uc790\uace0\uc0c8 \ud55c \uc30d, \uc815\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \ub530\uc628 \ud638\ubc15\uacfc \ucf69\uc774 \ub2f4\uae34 \ubc14\uad6c\ub2c8. \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \uac00\ub974\ucf1c 17\uc138\uae30 \uc911\ubc18 \ub124\ub35c\ub780\ub4dc \uc778\ub4e4\uc740 “\uc815\ubb3c still life”\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc774\ub984 \ubd99\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n A. P. A.\u00a0\ubcf4\ub80c\ucea0\ud504*\ub294 \ub124\ub35c\ub780\ub4dc \uc815\ubb3c\ud654\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae00\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uac00 \ud654\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub358 \uc9c1\uc5c5\uc801 \uc6a9\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc654\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc989 \ub808\ubca4leven, ‘\uc0b4\uc544\uc788\ub294’ \uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub73b\uc758 \uc774 \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc55e\uc5d0 \ub193\uace0 \uadf8\ub9b0 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0ac \ub54c \uc4f0\ub294 \ub9d0\ub85c, \ube0c\ub77c\uc6b0\ubca4\ub808\ubca4vrouwenleven[woman’s life]\u00a0\uc740 \uc5ec\uc790 \ubaa8\ub378\uacfc \ud3ec\uc988\ub97c \ucde8\ud560 \ub54c \uc774\ub530\uae08\uc529 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc5ec\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ub73b\ud558\uace0, \uc2a4\ud2f8\ub808\ubca4stillleven[still life]\uc740 \uacfc\uc77c\uc774\ub098 \uaf43, \ubb3c\uace0\uae30\ucc98\ub7fc \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uac00\ub9cc\ud788 \uc788\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud654\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc \ub51c\ub7ec\ub4e4\uc774 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc6a9\uc5b4\uc600\ub2e4. \ub974\ub124\uc0c1\uc2a4 \ub124\ub35c\ub780\ub4dc\uc5d0\ub294 \uc815\ubb3c\ud654\ub97c \uac16\uace0 \uc2f6\uc5b4\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc2dc\ub300\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub9ce\uc558\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\t *\uc54c\ud3f0\uc218\uc2a4 \ud398\ud2b8\ub8e8\uc2a4 \uc548\ud1a0\ub2c8\uc6b0\uc2a4 \ubcf4\ub80c\ucea0\ud504 Alphonsus Petrus Antonius Vorenkamp(1898-1953) \uc544\uce68\uc2dd\uc0ac\ub098 \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c \uc2a4\ub0b5\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ub294\u00a0\uc628\ud2b8\ube44\ud2b8 ontbijt[breakfast]*,\u00a0\ub124\ub35c\ub780\ub4dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5f0\ud68c \ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uac00\ub4dd \uc313\uc544\ub193\uc740 \uac16\uac00\uc9c0\u00a0 \ud398\uc774\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\ub4e4\uc744 \ub73b\ud560 \ub54c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ucf13banket[banquet], \ucd08\uc624\uc11c\uac00\u00a0‘\uc5d0\ud53c\ucfe0\ub85c\uc2a4\uc758 \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uc544\ub4e4 (Epicurous owene sone)’*\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub978 \uc790\uc720 \uc9c0\uc8fc(The Franklin)\uc758 \ud654\ub824\ud55c \uc2dd\ud0c1\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ub294, \ud638\ud654\ub85c\uc6b4\u00a0\ud504\ub871\ud06c\uc2a4\ud2f8\ub808\ubca4pronkstillleven [ornate still life]*\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\t\n\n\n *\uc601\uc5b4\ub85c\ub294”breakfast paintings”\u00a0\uc989\u00a0“\uc544\uce68\uc2dd\uc0ac \uc815\ubb3c\ud654”\ub77c\uace0 \ubc88\uc5ed\ub418\ub294 \uc774 \ub9d0\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uacfc \uc74c\uc2dd\ub4e4\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c, \uac04\uc18c\ud55c \uc815\ubb3c\ud654\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4. \uacfc\uc2dd\uc774\ub098 \ud638\ud654\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \uc0bc\uac00\uace0 \uac80\uc18c\ud568\uc744 \ucd94\uad6c\ud558\uc790\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n *\uc774\ub294 \uc81c\ud504\ub9ac \ucd08\uc11c\uc758 <\uce94\ud130\ubca0\ub9ac \uc774\uc57c\uae30> ‘\uc804\uccb4 \uc11c\uc2dcGeneral Prologue’\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c, \uc774\ub294 \uce94\ud130\ubca0\ub9ac \uc131\uc9c0\ub85c \ub5a0\ub098\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc18c\uac1c\ub418\ub294 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4 \uc911 \ud5a5\ubc18\uc774\ub77c \ubc88\uc5ed\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub294’Franklin’\ub294 \uc911\uc138 \uc2dc\ub300 \ub0a9\uc138 \uc758\ubb34 \uc5c6\uc774 \ud1a0\uc9c0\ub97c \uc18c\uc720\ud55c \uc790\uc720\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc5ed\ud560 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \uc811\ub300\uc600\uace0, \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \uc74c\uc2dd\uc744 \uc900\ube44\ud574\ub450\uace0 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc190\ub2d8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc624\uba74 \uc811\ub300\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \u00a0*\ud638\ud654\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc815\ubb3c\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub73b\uc73c\ub85c \ub124\ub35c\ub780\ub4dc \uc815\ubb3c\ud654\uc758 \ud55c \uc885\ub958. \ubc29\ucf13\uacfc \uacb9\uccd0\uc11c \ubd84\ub958\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ud55c \ud654\uba74\uc5d0 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \uc815\ubb3c\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\ub294 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc73c\ub85c, \ud654\uba74\uc774 \uc774\ub4e4\ub85c \uac00\ub4dd\ucc28\uace0 \ud654\ub824\ud574 \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2a4\ud398\uc778\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ud55c 17\uc138\uae30 \uc911\ubc18\ubd80\ud130 \ud2b9\ud788 \uc720\ud589\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\t \uadf8\uc758 \ube75, \uadf8\uc758 \ub9e5\uc8fc\ub294 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud588\ub2e4 \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c \uc0b4\ud3b4 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud504\ub871\ud06c\uc2a4\ud2f8\ub808\ubca4\uc740 \ud0a4\uc774\uce20\uac00 “\uc138\uc778\ud2b8 \uc544\uadf8\ub124\uc2a4\uc758 \uc800\ub141The Eve of St. Agnes”\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb18\uc0ac\ud55c \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ud638\ud654\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac83\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uace0, \ub514\ud0a8\uc2a4\uc758 \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub9c8\uc2a4 \ud30c\ud2f0\ucc98\ub7fc \uc990\uac70\uc6b4 \uac83\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uace0, \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4 \ub7ec\ube0c \ud53c\ucf55\uc774 \ubb18\uc0ac\ud55c, \uc5d0\ud53c\ud050\ub9ac\uc5b8\uc778 \ub300\uc9c0\uc8fc\uc640 \uae30\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \ub300\ub2e8\ud55c \uc0c1\ucc28\ub9bc\ucc98\ub7fc \ucf54\ubbf9\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub610\ub294 \uc870\uc774\uc2a4\uc758 “\uc8fd\uc740 \uc774\ub4e4The Dead”\u00a0\uc774\ub098 \uc5d0\ub4dc\uac00 \uc568\ub7f0 \ud3ec\uc6b0\uc758 \uc791\ud488\ub4e4\ucc98\ub7fc \uc815\uad50\ud55c \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc801\uc778 \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4,\u00a0 \ud640\ubc14\uc778\uc758 “\ub300\uc0ac\ub4e4”\uc774\ub098 \ub4a4\ub7ec\uc758 “\uba5c\ub791\ucf5c\ub9ac\uc544”\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \ucca0\ud559\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc2dc\uc801\uc778 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \uc0c1\uc9d5\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ud504\ub871\ud06c\uc2a4\ud2f8\ub808\ubca4\uc774 \ub420 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc9da\uace0 \uac00\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\uc740 \ud14c\uc774\ube14\uc5d0 \ucc28\ub824\uc9c0\ub294 \uc2dd\uc0ac\uc758 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c\uc11c \uc5d0\ud53c\ud050\ub9ac\uc5b8\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc774\ub2e4. \uc5d0\ud53c\ud050\ub9ac\uc5b8\uc758 \uc2dd\uc0ac\ub780 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \ub180\ub78d\ub3c4\ub85d \uc808\uc81c\ub41c \uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \ucca0\ud559\uc790\uc758 \uac04\uc18c\ud55c \uc2dd\uc0ac\ub97c \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uae08 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub3c4 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \uc5d0\ud53c\ud050\ub9ac\uc5b8\uc758 \uc2dd\uc0ac-\uc5fc\uc18c \uce58\uc988\uc640 \ube75, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ucc28\uac00\uc6b4 \uc0d8\ubb3c-\ub294 \uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 \ubc00\ud134\uc758 \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uc57c\uc2dd\uc778 \ud30c\uc774\ud504 \ub2f4\ubc30\uc640 \ucc28\uac00\uc6b4 \ubb3c \ud55c \uc794\uacfc \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc815\ub3c4\uc758 \uc2dd\uc0ac\uc77c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\uc81c ‘\uc5d0\ud53c\ud050\ub9ac\uc5b8’ \uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc740 \uadf8 \uc774\ub984\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\uc6d0\ud55c, \uc9c0\uae08\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc544\ub78d\uc5b4\uc778 ‘\ube44\ud050\ub85c\uc2a4(\ud2b9\ud788 \ubaa8\ub85c\ucf54\uc778\ub4e4\uacfc \uc601\uad6d \uc131\uacf5\ud68c \ubaa9\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub358)’\uac00 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc758\ubbf8, \uc989 \uace0\uae09\uc2a4\ub7f0 \uc0dd\ud65c\uacfc \ud638\ud654\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc74c\uc2dd\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub73b\uc744 \uac16\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc815\ubb3c\ud654\ub294 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub450 \uc2dc\ubc1c\uc810\uc744 \uac16\ub294\ub370, \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\uace0 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uae08\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub04a\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ub0b4\ub824\uc624\ub294 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc8fc\uc81c\uac00 \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ud655\ub9bd\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uace0\ub300\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc8fd\uc740 \uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc74c\uc2dd\uc744 \ubc14\ucce4\ub2e4. \uace0\ub300\uc758 \ubb34\ub364 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc120 \uc811\uc2dc\uc640 \ub2e8\uc9c0\uac00 \ubc1c\uacac\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc624\ub798 \uc804\ubd80\ud130 \uc790\uc190\ub4e4\uc740 \ub3cc\uc544\uac04 \ubd80\ubaa8\uc5d0\uac8c \uacbd\uac74\ud558\uac8c \uc74c\uc2dd\uc744 \ubc14\ucce4\ub2e4. \uc601\ud63c, \uce74 ka\uac00 \uba39\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud568\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \uc0c1\ud615\ubb38\uc790\ub294 \ud314\uc744 \uce58\ucf1c\ub4e0 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc73c\ub85c, \uc774\ub294 \uc120\uc0ac\uc2dc\ub300\ubd80\ud130 \uc22d\ubc30\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \uc81c\uc2a4\ucc98\uc774\ub2e4. \uc624\ub79c \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc9c0\ub098 \uc120\uc870\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2e4\uc81c \uc74c\uc2dd\uc744 \ubc14\uce60 \uac00\uc871\uc774 \uc5c6\uc744 \ub54c, \ubb34\ub364 \ubcbd\uc5d0 \uc74c\uc2dd \uadf8\ub9bc\uc744 \uadf8\ub824\uc11c \uc601\ud63c\uc774\u00a0\uc624\uc2dc\ub9ac\uc2a4*\uc5d0\uac8c \uc7ac\ud310\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 \ub0a0\uae4c\uc9c0, \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uba48\ucd9c \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uad6c\uc6d0\ub41c \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\uc758 \uc601\uc6d0\ud55c 7\uc6d4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc601\uc6d0\ud788 \uc0b4 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadf8 \uadf8\ub9bc \uc18d \uc74c\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uba85\ud558\uac8c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\t\n\n *\uc624\uc2dc\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub294 \uace0\ub300 \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\uc758 \uc8fd\uc74c\uc758 \uc2e0, \ub610\ud55c \ubd80\ud65c\uacfc \ud48d\uc694\uc758 \uc2e0\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\uc758 “Book of Coming Forth by Day”\ub294 \ubbf8\ub77c\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \ub9e4\uc7a5\ud558\ub294, \ubcf4\ud1b5 “\uc0ac\uc790\uc758 \uc11cBook of the Dead”\ub77c \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \ubb38\uc11c\ub85c, \ud30c\ud53c\ub8e8\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ud615\ubb38\uc790 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub85d\ud55c \uc0ac\ud6c4\uc138\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc548\ub0b4\uc11c\uc774\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc8fd\uace0 \ub098\uba74 \uc8fd\uc74c\uc758 \uc2e0\uc778 \uc624\uc2dc\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc7ac\ud310\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub54c \uc601\uc6d0\ud788 \uc0ac\ud6c4 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b4 \uc218 \uc788\uc744\uc9c0 \uacb0\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t \ub098\ub294 \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uc815\ubb3c\ud654\uc758 \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uae30\uc6d0\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf8\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc74c\uc2dd\uc758 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc790\uc591\ubd84\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc6d0\uc2dc\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ud0dc\uace0\uc801\uc778 \uc0dd\uac01.\u00a0\uc2e0\uc11d\uae30 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \ub3d9\uad74 \ubcbd\ud654\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc0dd\uac01\uc5d0 \uae30\ucd08\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc744 \ud150\ub370, \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc744 \uadf8\ub9b0 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\ub860\ub4e4\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 \ub9d0\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc989 \uc0dd\uc2dd\ub825\uc744 \ub192\uc774\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc758 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub97c \ub300\uc9c0\uc758 \uc790\uad81\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub838\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\ub860\uc774\ub098, \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uc5b4 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc744 \ubca0\ub294 \uc7a5\uba74\uc740 \uc2e4\uc81c \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc744 \ubca0\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub098, \ub354 \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc774\ub860\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\ub9bc\uc740 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc8fd\uc740 \ub3d9\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc0b4\ub9ac\ub294 \ud589\uc704\ub85c, \uc2e0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc0b4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc8fd\uc774\uace0 \uba39\uc5b4\uc57c \ud588\ub358 \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc744 \ubc14\uce5c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc774 \ub2f4\uaca8\uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\ub860\uc774 \uadf8\uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc74c\uc2dd\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\ub294 \ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c4\uc2e4\uc774 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774\ub4e0\uac04\uc5d0 \uba87 \ucc9c \ub144\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0, \ubb38\ud654\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uadf8 \ucd94\ub860\uc740 \uacc4\uc18d \ubcc0\ud574\uac04\ub2e4. \ud504\ub780\uce20 \uce74\ud504\uce74\ub294 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc6b0\ud654\ub97c \ub4e4\ub824\uc900\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\t \ud45c\ubc94\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc640\uc11c \uc81c\ub2e8\uc5d0 \ub193\uc774\ub294 \ub2e8\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub2f4\uae34 \ucc0c\uaebc\uae30\ub97c \uba39\ub294\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uacc4\uc18d \ubc18\ubcf5\ub418\uace0, \uacb0\uad6d \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub97c \ubbf8\ub9ac \uc0dd\uac01\ud574 \ub193\uac8c \ub418\uace0 \uc774\ub294 \uc81c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uac00 \ub41c\ub2e4.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t \uc815\ubb3c\ud654\ub97c \uacf5\ubd80\ud560 \ub54c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc81c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uac00 \ub41c \ud45c\ubc94\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubbf8\ub9ac \uc0dd\uac01\ud574 \ub193\uc544\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc815\ubb3c\ud654\ub294 4\ucc9c\ub144 \ub118\uac8c \uc774\uc5b4\uc838 \uc654\uace0 \uc774 \ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\ub9cc\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud559\ubb38\uc774 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub3c4 \ub420 \uc815\ub3c4\ub2e4. \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\ub294 \uc131\ud588\ub2e4\uac00\ub294 \uc1e0\ud558\uace0, \ub610\ub294 \uae08\uc9c0\ub418\uace0, \ub610\ub294 \uadf8 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \uc783\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4.(\uc6b0\ub9ac \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc)\u00a0\ud30c\uc6b0\uc0ac\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4*\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub97c \ubb18\uc0ac\ud560 \ub54c \ucd08\uc6d0\uc774\ub098 \ub098\ubb34, \uac15\ub451\uc774\ub098 \uc0b0\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc740 \ud55c \uc7a5\uba74\ub3c4 \ubb18\uc0ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uc815\ubb3c\ud654\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud55c \ud68c\ud654\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc7a5\ub974\ub294 \uafb8\uc900\ud788 \uc9c0\uc18d\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uace0, \ud45c\ud604\uc801\uc778 \uc608\uc220 \uc911\uc5d0 \uc624\uc9c1 \uc11c\uc815\uc2dc\ub098 \ub178\ub798\ub9cc\uc774 \uace0\ub300\ubd80\ud130 \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac \ubb38\ud654\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc815\ubb3c\uc774 \uc18c\uc7ac\ub85c \uc790\ub9ac\uc7a1\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \ub610 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc2dc\ubc1c\uc810\uc740 \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4\uc11c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uc628\ub2e4. \uae30\uc6d0\uc804 8\uc138\uae30 \uc120\uc9c0\uc790\uc600\ub358 \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4\ub294 \uc5ec\ub85c\ubcf4\uc554 2\uc138\uc640 \ub3d9\uc2dc\ub300 \uc778\ubb3c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac00 \ub2e4\uc2a4\ub9ac\ub358 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uc655\uad6d\uc774 \ud63c\ub780\uc5d0 \ube60\uc9c0\uace0 \ubd95\uad34\ub420 \ubb34\ub835 \ubb34\ud654\uacfc \ub098\ubb34\ub97c \ub3cc\ubcf4\ub294 \uacfc\uc6d0\uc9c0\uae30\uc774\uc790 \uc591\uce58\uae30\uc600\ub358 \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4\ub294 \ud558\ub098\ub2d8\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uacc4\uc2dc\ub97c \ubc1b\ub294\ub2e4. \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4\uc11c 8\uc7a5 1-2\uc808\uc744 \ubcf4\uba74 \uc774\ub807\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\t\n\n *\uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4 2\uc138\uae30 \uacbd \uc5ec\ud589\uc790, \uc9c0\ub9ac\ud559\uc790. \uadf8\uac00 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub97c \uc9c1\uc811 \ub3cc\uc544\ub2e4\ub2c8\uba70 \uc4f4 <\uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4 \uc774\uc57c\uae30>\ub294 \uace0\uc804 \ubb38\ud559\uacfc \ud604\ub300\uc758 \uace0\uace0\ud559\uc744 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc9d3\ub294\ub370 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc790\ub8cc\uac00 \ub41c\ub2e4.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\t \uc8fc \uc5ec\ud638\uc640\uaed8\uc11c \ub0b4\uac8c \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \ubcf4\uc774\uc168\ub290\ub2c8\ub77c, \ubcf4\ub77c, \uc5ec\ub984 \uacfc\uc77c \ud55c \uad11\uc8fc\ub9ac\uc774\ub2c8\ub77c. \u00a0<\/em> \ud0b9 \uc81c\uc784\uc2a4 \ubc88\uc5ed\ubcf8\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5ec\ubc31\uc5d0 \uc774\ub7f0 \ud574\uc124\uc774 \uc801\ud600\uc788\ub2e4.”\uc5ec\ub984 \uacfc\uc77c \uad11\uc8fc\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uc885\ub9d0\uc774 \uac00\uae4c\uc6cc\uc654\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4.”<\/p>\n \ud5db\ub418\uace0 \ud5db\ub418\ub3c4\ub2e4,\u00a0\u00a0\uc8fd\uc74c\uc744 \uae30\uc5b5\ud558\ub77c(Vanitas vanitatem and memento mori):\u00a0\uc815\ubb3c\uc740 \ud558\ub098\ub2d8\uc758 \uc790\uc560\ub85c\uc6c0\uacfc \uc790\uc5f0\uc758 \ud48d\uc694\ub85c\uc6c0\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc0b6\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0c1\uc9d5\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4\ub294 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4.\u00a0“\uc774 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub4e4\uc73c\ub77c. \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0bc\ud0a4\uace0 \ub545\uc758 \ud798\uc5c6\ub294 \uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ub9dd\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc790\ub4e4\uc544, \ub108\ud76c\uac00 \uc774\ub974\uae30\ub97c, \uc6d4\uc0ad\uc774 \uc5b8\uc81c \uc9c0\ub098\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uace1\uc2dd\uc744 \ud314\uba70 \uc548\uc2dd\uc77c\uc774 \uc5b8\uc81c \uc9c0\ub098\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubc00\uc744 \ub0b4\uac8c \ud560\uaf2c, \uc5d0\ubc14\ub97c \uc791\uac8c \ud558\uace0, \uc138\uac94\uc744 \ud06c\uac8c \ud558\uc5ec \uac70\uc9d3 \uc800\uc6b8\ub85c \uc18d\uc774\uba70 \uc740\uc73c\ub85c \ud798\uc5c6\ub294 \uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0ac\uba70 \uc2e0 \ud55c \ucf24\ub808\ub85c \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \uc790\ub97c \uc0b4\uaf2c…?” \uc5ec\ud638\uc640\uaed8\uc11c \ub0b4\uac8c \uc774\ub974\uc2dc\ub418 \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4\uc57c \ub124\uac00 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \ubcf4\ub290\ub0d0 \ub0b4\uac00 \ub300\ub2f5\ud558\ub418 \ub2e4\ub9bc\uc904\uc774\ub2c8\uc774\ub2e4 \uc8fc\uaed8\uc11c \uc774\ub974\uc2dc\ub418 \ub0b4\uac00 \ub2e4\ub9bc\uc904\uc744 \ub0b4 \ubc31\uc131 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ub450\uace0 \ub2e4\uc2dc\ub294 \uc6a9\uc11c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\ub9ac\ub2c8 \uc774\uc0ad\uc758 \uc0b0\ub2f9\ub4e4\uc774 \ud669\ud3d0\ub418\uace0 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uc131\uc18c\ub4e4\uc774 \ud30c\uad34\ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub77c \ub0b4\uac00 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098 \uce7c\ub85c \uc5ec\ub85c\ubcf4\uc554\uc758 \uc9d1\uc744 \uce58\ub9ac\ub77c.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t \ub2e4\ub9bc\uc904\uc740 anakk, \uc2ac\ud514\uc740 anaqah, \uc5ec\ub984 \uacfc\uc77c\uc740 qayits, \uc885\ub9d0\uc740 qaits\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4\uc758 \uc218\uc0ac\ucc98\ub7fc, \uc815\ubb3c\ud654\ub3c4 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \uc720\ud76c\uc640 \uc774\uc911 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uc88b\uc544\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\uac8c \ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc5ec\ub984 \uacfc\uc77c \uad11\uc8fc\ub9ac\uac00 \uc8fc\ub294 \uc740\ucd1d\uc758 \ubc18\ub300\uac00 \uc695\uc2ec\uacfc \ud0d0\uc695\uacfc \uc774\uae30\uc2ec\uc774\ub77c\uba74 \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4\ub294 \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4\uc11c \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6b4 \uacfc\uc7a5\ubc95\uc744 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \uc120\uc0ac\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d \ub450 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \ud568\uaed8 \uac78\uc5b4\uac08 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74, \uc870\ud654\ub85c\uc6b8 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74, \uc778\uac04\uacfc \ud558\ub098\ub2d8\uc774 \ud568\uaed8 \uac78\uc5b4\uac08 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5a8\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubb18\uc0ac\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\t \uc5ec\ud638\uc640\uac00 \ub9d0\uc500\ud558\uc2dc\uae38 \ubcf4\ub77c, \uadf8 \ub0a0\uc774 \uc62c\uc9c0\ub2c8, \uadf8\ub54c \ud30c\uc885\ud558\ub294 \uc790\uac00 \uace1\uc2dd \ucd94\uc218\ud558\ub294 \uc790\uc758 \ub4a4\ub97c \uc774\uc73c\uba70 \ud3ec\ub3c4\ub97c \ubc1f\ub294 \uc790\uac00 \uc528 \ubfcc\ub9ac\ub294 \uc790\uc758 \ub4a4\ub97c \uc774\uc73c\uba70 \uc0b0\ub4e4\uc774 \ub2ec\ucf64\ud55c \ud3ec\ub3c4\uc8fc\ub97c \ud758\ub9ac\uba70 \uc791\uc740 \uc0b0\ub4e4\uc774 \ub179\uc73c\ub9ac\ub77c. \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74 \ub0b4\uac00 \ub0b4 \ubc31\uc0dd \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774 \uc0ac\ub85c\uc7a1\ud78c \uac83\uc744 \ub3cc\uc774\ud0a4\ub9ac\ub2c8 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \ud669\ud3d0\ud55c \uc131\uc74d\uc744 \uac74\ucd95\ud558\uc5ec \uac70\uc8fc\ud558\uba70 \ud3ec\ub3c4\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc744 \uac00\uafb8\uace0 \uadf8 \ud3ec\ub3c4\uc8fc\ub97c \ub9c8\uc2dc\uba70 \uacfc\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uace0 \uadf8 \uc5f4\ub9e4\ub97c \uba39\uc73c\ub9ac\ub77c. \ub0b4\uac00 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ub545\uc5d0 \uc2ec\uc73c\ub9ac\ub2c8 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \ub0b4\uac00 \uc900 \ub545\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ubf51\ud788\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\ub9ac\ub77c. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ub124 \ud558\ub098\ub2d8 \uc5ec\ud638\uc640\uc758 \ub9d0\uc500\uc774\ub2c8\ub77c.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t \uc989, \uad11\uc8fc\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc5ec\ub984 \uacfc\uc77c\ub85c \uac00\ub4dd\ucc30 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub85c\ub9c8\uac00 \ucd5c\uace0\ub85c \uc9c8\uc11c \uc7a1\ud788\uace0 \uadf8 \uc704\ud48d\uc744 \uc790\ub791\ud560 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uadf8 \ubaa8\uc790\uc774\ud06c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uacfc\uc640 \ubc30\uc640 \ubb34\ud654\uacfc\ub85c \uac00\ub4dd\ud55c \uad11\uc8fc\ub9ac\ub97c \ubcfc \uac83\uc774\uace0, \ub124\ub35c\ub780\ub4dc\uac00 \uc2a4\ud398\uc778\uc744 \ubab0\uc544\ub0b4\uace0 \uc0b6\uc758 \uc9c8\uc744 \ucd5c\uace0\ub85c \ucd94\uad6c\ud560 \ubb34\ub835, \uc815\ubb3c\ud654\uac00 \uc804\ub840\uc5c6\ub294 \ub974\ub124\uc0c1\uc2a4\ub97c \ub9de\uc774\ud558\uace0 \uac70\uae30\uc11c \uc5ec\ub984 \uacfc\uc77c \uad11\uc8fc\ub9ac\ub97c \ubcfc \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 19\uc138\uae30 \ud68c\ud654\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uc815\ubb3c\ud654\ub294 \ub300\uc9c0\uc758 \ud48d\uc694\ub85c\uc6c0\uc744 \uae30\ub150\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\t RELATED POSTS<\/p>\n\tThe CLUMSY Plan A Basket of Summer Fruit \uc5ec\ub984 \uacfc\uc77c\uc774 \ub2f4\uae34 \uad11\uc8fc\ub9ac 01 Text by Guy Davenport \uac00\uc774 \ub2e4\ubca4\ud3ec\ud2b8 Translation by Mimi Park\u00a0\ubc15\uc0c1\ubbf8 Between the gathering of food and its consumption there is an interval when it is on display. To this arrangement of eggs on the sideboard, as may be, brought in from the henhouse (in Tuscany…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":321,"featured_media":34188,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"tpl-no-header-footer.php","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[162,158],"tags":[44],"class_list":["post-38457","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guy-davenport","category-writing","tag-guy-davenport"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38457","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/321"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38457"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38457\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38945,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38457\/revisions\/38945"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34188"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38457"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38457"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38457"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
A bettre envyned man was nowher noon.<\/em>
Withoute bake mete was nevere his hous,<\/em>
Of 6.ssh and flessh, and that so plentevous,<\/em>
It snewed in his hous of mete and drynke,<\/em>
Of alle deyntees that men koude thynke.<\/em>
After the sondry sesons of the yeer,<\/em>
So chaunged he his mete and his soper.<\/em>
Ful many a fat partrich hadde he in muwe,<\/em>
And many a breem and many a luce in stewe.<\/em>
Wo was his cook but if his sauce were<\/em>
Poynaunt and sharp, and redy al his geere.<\/em>
His table dormant in his halle alway<\/em>
Stood redy covered al the longe day.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t![\"Chardin,](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/2-chardin-still-life-with-partridge-and-pear.jpg\" "\\"2-chardin--still-life-with-partridge-and-pear\\"")
\n\t![\"Pieter](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/pieter-claesz-pronk.jpg\" "\\"pieter-claesz-pronk\\"")
\n\t![\"Adriaen](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Pronkstilleven.jpg\" "\\"Pronkstilleven\\"")
\n\t
<\/p>\n\n![\"\ud55c](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Melencolia-I-The-Metropolitan-Museum-of-Art.jpg\" "\\"Melencolia-I---The-Metropolitan-Museum-of-Art\\"")
\n\t
sayd, a plumbline.\u00a0Then\u00a0sayd the\u00a0Lord, Behold, I\u00a0will set a<\/em>
plumbline in the midst of my people\u00a0Israel,\u00a0I will not again<\/em>
pass\u00a0by them\u00a0any\u00a0more. And the high places\u00a0of Isaac\u00a0shall be<\/em>
desolate, and\u00a0the\u00a0Sanctuaries of\u00a0Israel\u00a0shall be laid waste: and<\/em>
I\u00a0will rise against the house of\u00a0Jeroboam\u00a0with the sword.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t
shall overtake the reaper and the treader of\u00a0grapes\u00a0him\u00a0that<\/em>
soweth seede, and the mountains\u00a0shall\u00a0drop\u00a0sweet\u00a0wine, and<\/em>
all the hills shall melt. And I will bring againe the captivitie of<\/em>
my people of Israel; and they shall build the waste cities and<\/em>
inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and drink the<\/em>
wine thereof; they shall also make gardens, and eat the fruit<\/em>
of them. And I will plant them upon their land, and they shall<\/em>
no more be pulled up out of their land, which I have given<\/em>
them, saith the\u00a0LORD\u00a0thy God.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t
\ub124\ub35c\ub780\ub4dc \ud0dc\uc0dd\uc758 \ubbf8\uc220\uc0ac\ud559\uc790. 17\uc138\uae30 \ub124\ub35c\ub780\ub4dc \uc815\ubb3c\ud654\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ub17c\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c \ubc15\uc0ac\ud559\uc704\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d \ub9e4\uc0ac\ucd94\uc138\uce20 \uc8fc \uc2a4\ubbf8\uc2a4 \ub300\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbf8\uc220\uc0ac\ub97c \uac00\ub974\ucce4\uace0, \ub124\ub35c\ub780\ub4dc\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac04 \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294 \ub85c\ud14c\ub974\ub2f4 \ub4f1\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbf8\uc220\uad00 \uad00\uc7a5\uc744 \uc9c0\ub0c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t![\"George](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Still-life-with-beer.jpg\" "\\"Still-life-with-beer\\"")
\n\t
\uadf8\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uc88b\uc740 \uc640\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\ub4dd \ucc2c \uc140\ub7ec\ub97c \uac00\uc9c4 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4
\uadf8\uc758 \uc9d1\uc740 \uc74c\uc2dd\uacfc \ud30c\uc774\uac00 \ubaa8\uc790\ub77c\ub294 \uc801\uc774 \uc5c6\uace0
\uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \uc0dd\uc120\uacfc \uace0\uae30\ub85c \uac00\ub4dd\ud588\ub2e4
\uc74c\uc2dd\uacfc \uc220\ub85c \ub208\uc774 \ub0b4\ub9ac\ub294 \ub4ef\ud588\uace0
\uc0c1\uc0c1\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc9c4\ubbf8\ub85c \uadf8\ub7ec\ud588\ub2e4
\uadf8\ub294 \ud55c\ud574 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uacc4\uc808\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c
\uc810\uc2ec\uc744 \ubc14\uafb8\uace0 \uc800\ub141\uc744 \ub2ec\ub9ac\ud588\ub2e4
\uc0c8\uc7a5\uc5d0\ub294 \ud1b5\ud1b5\ud55c \uc790\uace0\uc0c8\uac00 \ud48d\uc131\ud588\uace0
\uc5f0\ubabb\uc5d0\ub294 \ub3c4\ubbf8\uc640 \uac15\uaf2c\uce58 \uace0\uae30\uac00 \uadf8\ub4dd\ud588\ub2e4
\uc18c\uc2a4\uac00 \ud1a1 \uc3d8\uac8c \ub9db\uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \uc694\ub9ac\uc0ac\ub294 \uac71\uc815\uc774\uc5c8\uace0
\ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac8c \uadf8\uc758 \uc785\ub9db\uc5d0 \ub9de\ub3c4\ub85d \uc900\ube44\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4
\uc2dd\ub2f9\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \uc2dd\ud0c1\uc740
\ud558\ub8e8\uc885\uc77c \uadf8\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc900\ube44\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t![\"Page](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u1109\u1173\u110f\u1173\u1105\u1175\u11ab\u1109\u1163\u11ba-2021-11-10-\u110b\u1169\u1112\u116e-4.51.48.png\" "\\"Page")
\n\t![\"Still-Life](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/still-life-painting-1.jpg\" "\\"still-life-painting-1\\"")
\n\t![\"Magura](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Magura_Cave-e1623893088339.jpg\" "\\"Magura_Cave\\"")
\n\t
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\nAddress : 4Fl. 199 Itaewon-ro (Itaewon-dong) Yongsan-gu, Seoul
\nInquiry : 02 – 723 – 2973, info@thomasparkgallery.com
\n\uc774\uc6a9\uc57d\uad00<\/a>\u00a0 \uc815\uae30\uacfc\uae08\uc774\uc6a9\uc57d\uad00<\/a> \u00a0\uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4\ucde8\uae09\ubc29\uce68<\/a>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"