{"id":38512,"date":"2022-04-01T08:33:22","date_gmt":"2022-03-31T23:33:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/?p=38512"},"modified":"2022-10-28T09:28:17","modified_gmt":"2022-10-28T00:28:17","slug":"the-modern-sanctuary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/blog-the-modern-sanctuary\/","title":{"rendered":"Spirituality and Innovation: Ottokar Uhl\u2019s Modern Church Architecture by JIYOON PARK"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\tSpirituality and Innovation: Ottokar Uhl’s Modern Church Architecture
\n\ud3d0\ud5c8 \uc704 \uc9c0\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc131\uc804: \uc624\ud1a0\uce74 \uc6b8\uc758 \ubaa8\ub354\ub2c8\uc998, \ub300\uad6c \ub0b4\ub2f9\uc131\ub2f9\n\tText by Jiyoon Park \ubc15\uc9c0\uc724
\nTranslation by Irene Song \uc1a1\ud6a8\uc815\n\t

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Cover Image:\u00a0Naedang Church, \u300eDomus\u300f, no. 467, October,1968<\/p>\n

In October 1968, Domus, an Italian architecture and design magazine, published an article on the architecture of a catholic church built in Naedangdong, Daegu in 1966. Two-page drawings and sketches, as well as images of the recently-completed building, show the look of Daegu at the time. The pictures which portray the celebration of the construction of the church, show a row of wreaths in front of the building, a group of faithfuls dressed in hanbok headed towards the church, people sitting on straw mats, and even a cow pulling a cart. At the time, the scenery of Naedangdong, Daegu starkly contrasted with the geometric-shaped church built of concrete and bricks that resembled a UFO crash-landing. In particular, the concrete structures on the roof are an image that would likely be witnessed in SF movies depicting the future.<\/p>\n

Built by the design of Austrian architect Ottokar Uhl (1931-2011), the church is of such significance that Uhl even chose it as the representative work for his large retrospective at the 2003 Architekturzentrum Wien in Vienna. In the 60s, Naedangdong was a slum in Daegu where missionary facilities were located to take care of leprosy patients, and it was rampant with all kinds of crimes at night. Why did a concrete mass set up in this marginal area by an Austrian foreigner garner the attention of a global architecture magazine that was spreading to 34 countries around the world at the time?<\/p>\n

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Naedang Church, \u300eDomus\u300f, no. 467, October,1968<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\nOttokar Uhl entered the spotlight early on as an “architect of participation”. The restoration of numerous churches destroyed after World War II marked a golden age of church construction that had never before been seen in Europe. A series of architects, including Uhl, tried to solve various social problems on a religious level, creating a participatory space where churchgoers could gather amidst difficulties for God, rather than tout authority or dignity. Therefore they were interested in reasonable and economical building materials and construction methods, and Uhl was a young architect who was deemed a reflection of the church’s internal reform and an experimental architectural spirit. He naturally became interested in modularity and assembly, and designed 22 prefabricated churches in the 1960s*, influenced by people such as Konrad Wachsmann (1901-1980), who studied the mass production of building materials.\n

*The prefabricated church, with a life span of about 40 years is designed with lightweight construction, low maintenance costs, minimal groundwork, and easy assembly methods that can be built in seven weeks. It could be dismantled and put back together at least 2 times.<\/p>\nAccording to the Domus<\/i> article, Ottokar Uhl met a Korean priest at a hospital in Vienna, Austria more than a decade before the construction of the church. The Korean priest whom Ottokar Uhl met is believed to be Bishop Seo Jung-gil (1911-1987)*, and along with Austrian priest Rudolf Karanewitter who was naturalized to Korea, they commissioned the construction of the church. Uhl made two field surveys, and under his supervision, churchgoers came out with shovels and pickaxes to help with the work. At night, hoodlums and thieves appeared, so the priests wore shotguns and had large dogs to protect the materials.\n

*Archbishop Seo Jung-gil long struggled with tuberculosis and invited many benefactors while staying in Europe for treatment. Bishop Seo Jung-gil accompanied Father Rudy at this time, and apparently they met at a hospital in Vienna, Austria.<\/p>\n

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Father Rudy, Father Changsoo Park, Ottokar Uhl, Father Youngho Kim, Naedang Church, 1966<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n



Father Rudy, who led the construction of the church, was a sociologist who studied German literature, history, philosophy, and sociology. As he was interested in social issues, he briefly left for Vienna in 1972, however was later banned from re-entering Korea because of his thesis on the injustice of the Yushin Constitution. Bishop Seo Jung-gil also had a global perspective and willingness to reform to the extent that he attended the second Vatican Council in 1962*, so he would have been hopeful for the realization of the innovative conceptual architecture of Ottokar Uhl.<\/p>\n

*The 21st Council, which was held on October 11, 1962 and lasted until December 8, 1965, discussed Vatican reform and modernization of the church, and promoted drastic changes to the church system to ease the centralized and exclusive system and adapt to the times.<\/p>\nThe church is designed in the context of this architectural movement and has a very simple structure. A key component of its spatial composition is the light coming through the ceiling, and the centralized plane. It is a 25m by 25m square building, and from a bird’s eye view, it appears as a pyramid with three overlapping crosses. The interior is a single space without walls excluding the vestry, and the light illuminates the center with the highest ceiling. The altar is located there, where churchgoers sit around on three sides to hold mass. The light coming in through the ceiling, which changes according to the height, was carefully calculated to give a hierarchy to the interior space. The church, which expressed the abstractness of religious sublime through concrete and the placement of modules through mathematical calculations, which are the products of modern industrialization, formally embodies the core values of the liturgy movement at the time.\n

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Naedang Church Repair, 1988<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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Naedang Church, 1970s<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\nThe Naedang church, which attracted global attention with its unique appearance and internal structure that clearly reflected the spirit of the Catholic movement at the time, now bears few traces of its original form* due to extensive internal repairs in 1988 that resulted from the discontent of churchgoers who opted for traditional methods. By blocking the ceiling, not only did it eliminate the direction of light, but it also became a space without any special characteristics or impressions.\n

*The structure surrounding the altar on three sides made it difficult to concentrate on mass due to frequent eye contact, and the high ceiling made it too cold in the winter and hot in the summer. The wooden door at the four corners of the building rotted from exposure to rain, and sank down. Eventually, the interior became one-way, and the doors at the four corners became a central porch like a government office, replaced with aluminum. The ceiling was blocked from the second floor and replaced with electric lights.<\/p>\nFather Rudy’s trip to Austria was a religious act that went beyond simply raising funds to “build the one and only special church in the East”. Although only a faded appearance remains, this strange building located on the seedy outskirts of Daegu in the world’s poorest country, which was basically the ruins of post-war 1960s, is an embodiment of religion’s sense of communal responsibility in an era of chaos and hope. Perhaps the Naedang church was the dazzling culmination of Ottokar Uhl’s experimental architectural spirit, the practical efforts behind the church’s reform movement, and the reality of Daegu’s parish, which needed a physical space to accommodate the rapidly increasing number of believers, amidst urban redevelopment efforts after the Korean War (1950-1953). The methodology of modernist architecture, which was actively introduced in this process, formally spearheads the modern revival of religious traditions. The quest for spiritual living and innovation that exist in both religion and design were thus embodied as a beautiful Modern structure upon ruins.<\/b> The historical value of Ottokar Uhl’s Naedang church may be beyond our imagination’s reach, architecturally, socially, and spiritually.\n

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Daegu, Naedang-Dong,\u00a0\u300eDomus\u300f, no. 467, October,1968<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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Ottokar Uhl, Demountable church, \u300eWerk\u300f, March, 1969<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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*\uc57d 40\ub144 \uc815\ub3c4\uc758 \uc218\uba85\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc870\ub9bd\uc2dd \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uacbd\ub7c9 \uad6c\uc870\uc640 \ub0ae\uc740 \uc720\uc9c0 \ube44\uc6a9, \ucd5c\uc18c\ud55c\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc18 \uacf5\uc0ac, 7\uc8fc \ub9cc\uc5d0 \uc138\uc6b8 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc26c\uc6b4 \uc870\ub9bd \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uacc4\ub418\uc5b4 \ucd5c\uc18c 2\ubc88\uc740 \ud574\uccb4\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc870\ub9bd\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\u300eDomus\u300f\uae30\uc0ac \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uc624\ud1a0\uce74 \uc6b8\uc740 \ub0b4\ub2f9\uc131\ub2f9\uc774 \uc9c0\uc5b4\uc9c0\uae30 10\uc5ec \ub144 \uc804 \uc624\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc544 \ube48\uc758 \ud55c \ubcd1\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \ud55c\uad6d\uc778 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub97c \ub9cc\ub0ac\ub2e4\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4 \uc624\ud1a0\uce74 \uc6b8\uc774 \ub9cc\ub09c \ud55c\uad6d\uc778 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \ud6d7\ub0a0 \uc8fc\uad50\uac00 \ub41c \uc11c\uc815\uae38 \uc8fc\uad50(1911-1987)*\ub85c \ucd94\uc815\ub418\ub294\ub370 \uadf8\ub294 \ub2f9\uc2dc \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a0 \uadc0\ud654\ud574\uc11c \uc0b4 \uc624\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc544 \ucd9c\uc2e0 \ub8e8\ub514 \uc2e0\ubd80(Rudolf Karanewitter, \uc11c\uae30\ud638)\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \ub0b4\ub2f9\uc131\ub2f9 \uac74\ub9bd\uc744 \ucd94\uc9c4\ud588\ub2e4. \uc624\ud1a0\uce74 \uc6b8\uc740 \ub450 \ubc88\uc758 \ud604\uc7a5 \ub2f5\uc0ac\ub97c \ud588\uace0, \uadf8\uc758 \ud604\uc7a5 \uac10\ub3c5 \ud558\uc5d0 \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc0bd\uacfc \uace1\uad2d\uc774\ub97c \ub4e4\uace0 \ub098\uc640 \uc77c\uc744 \ub3c4\uc654\ub2e4. \ubc24\uc774 \ub418\uba74 \ubd88\ub7c9\ubc30\uc640 \uc808\ub3c4\ubc94\uc774 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc5fd\ucd1d\uc744 \ub9e4\uace0 \ud070 \uac1c\ub97c \ubab0\uba74\uc11c \uc790\uc7ac\ub97c \uc9c0\ud0a4\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

*\uc11c\uc815\uae38 \ub300\uc8fc\uad50\ub294 \uacb0\ud575\uc73c\ub85c \uc624\ub798 \ud22c\ubcd1\ud588\uace0 \uce58\ub8cc\ucc28 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0 \uba38\ubb3c\uba74\uc11c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc740\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \ucd08\uccad\ud574\uc654\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c \uc11c\uc815\uae38 \uc8fc\uad50\ub294 \ub8e8\ub514 \uc2e0\ubd80\uc640 \ub3d9\ud589\ud588\uace0, \uc774\ub54c \uc624\ud1a0\uce74 \uc6b8\uacfc \uc624\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc544 \ube48\uc758 \ud55c \ubcd1\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9cc\ub0ac\ub358 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\uc131\ub2f9 \uac74\ub9bd\uc744 \uc8fc\ub3c4\ud588\ub358 \ub8e8\ub514 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \ub3c5\ubb38\ud559, \uc5ed\uc0ac\ud559, \ucca0\ud559, \uc0ac\ud68c\ud559\uc744 \uacf5\ubd80\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\ud559\uc790\uc600\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ud68c\ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \ub9ce\uc544, 1972\ub144 \ubc15\uc0ac \ub17c\ubb38\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc7a0\uc2dc \ube48\uc73c\ub85c \ub5a0\ub0ac\uc744 \ub54c \uc720\uc2e0\ud5cc\ubc95\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ub17c\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\ud45c\ud55c \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ud55c\uad6d \uc785\uad6d\uc774 \uae08\uc9c0\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud560 \uc815\ub3c4\uc600\ub2e4. \uc11c\uc815\uae38 \uc8fc\uad50 \ub610\ud55c 1962\ub144 \uc81c2\ucc28 \ubc14\ud2f0\uce78\uacf5\uc758\ud68c*\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811 \ucc38\uc11d\ud588\uc744 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uad6d\uc81c \uac10\uac01\uacfc \uac1c\ud601 \uc758\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\uae30\uc5d0 \uc624\ud1a0\uce74 \uc6b8\uc758 \ud601\uc2e0\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc774\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ucee8\uc149\uc758 \uac74\ucd95\ubb3c\uc758 \ud604\uc2e4\ud654\ub97c \ubc14\ub790\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.\n\n*1962\ub144 10\uc6d4 11\uc77c\uc5d0 \uac1c\ucd5c\ub418\uc5b4 1965\ub144 12\uc6d4 8\uc77c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c4 21\ubc88\uc9f8 \uacf5\uc758\ud68c\ub85c, \uad50\ud669\uccad \uac1c\ud601 \ubc0f \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ud604\ub300\ud654 \ub4f1\uc774 \ub17c\uc758 \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc911\uc559\uc9d1\uad8c\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ubc30\ud0c0\uc801 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \uc644\ud654\ud558\uba70 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uc801\uc751\ud558\uace0\uc790 \uad50\ud68c \uc81c\ub3c4\uc758 \uacfc\uac10\ud55c \uac1c\ud601\uc744 \ucd94\uc9c4\ud588\ub358 \ud68c\uc758.\n\n\ub0b4\ub2f9\uc131\ub2f9\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uac74\ucd95\uc801 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\uacc4\ub418\uc5b4 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uac16\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub0b4\ub2f9\uc131\ub2f9\uc758 \uacf5\uac04 \uad6c\uc131\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801 \uc694\uc18c\ub294 \ucc9c\ucc3d\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\ub294 \ube5b\uacfc \uc911\uc559\uc9d1\uc911\ud615 \ud3c9\uba74\uc774\ub2e4. \uac00\ub85c \uc138\ub85c 25m \uc785\ubc29\uccb4 \uac74\ubb3c\ub85c \uc704\ub85c \uc62c\ub77c\uac08\uc218\ub85d 5x5m \ub2e8\uc704\uc758 \ud050\ube0c\uac00 \ub124 \uac1c\uc758 \ubaa8\ud241\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc28\ub840\ub85c \uc0ad\uc81c\ub418\uc5b4 \ub098\uac00\uba74\uc11c \ucda9\ucca9\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c, \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \ub0b4\ub824\ub2e4\ubcf4\uba74 \uc2ed\uc790\uac00 3\uac1c\uac00 \uacb9\uccd0\uc838 \uc788\ub294 \ud53c\ub77c\ubbf8\ub4dc\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc774\ub2e4. \ub0b4\ubd80 \uacf5\uac04\uc740 \uc81c\uc758\uc2e4\uc744 \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uace0\ub294 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcbd\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uacf5\uac04\uc774\uba70 \ucc9c\ucc3d\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\ub294 \ube5b\uc740 \ucc9c\uace0\uac00 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub192\uc740 \uc911\uc559\uc744 \uac00\uc7a5 \ubc1d\uac8c \ube44\ucd94\uace0, \ubc14\ub85c \uc774 \uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\uc7ac\ub2e8\uc774 \uc704\uce58\ud574 \uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc740 \uc911\uc559\uc758 \ub300\uc7ac\ub2e8\uc744 3\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ub458\ub7ec \uc549\uc544 \ubbf8\uc0ac\ub97c \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \ucc9c\ucc3d\uc73c\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc628 \ube5b\uc740 \ub192\uc774\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub0b4\ubd80 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0 \uc704\uacc4\ub97c \ubd80\uc5ec\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uce58\ubc00\ud558\uac8c \uacc4\uc0b0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadfc\ub300 \uc0b0\uc5c5\ud654\uc758 \uc0b0\ubb3c\uc778 \ucf58\ud06c\ub9ac\ud2b8\uc640 \uc218\ud559\uc801 \uacc4\uc0b0\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \ubaa8\ub4c8\uc758 \ubc30\uce58\ub85c \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc22d\uace0\ud568\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc131\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud55c \ub0b4\ub2f9\uc131\ub2f9\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc804\ub840 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub0b4\ud3ec\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.\n

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Naedang Church Mass before Repair<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n
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Naedang Church Mass, 1988<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n\ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \uc678\uad00\uacfc \ub2f9\uc2dc \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc758 \uc804\ub840\uc6b4\ub3d9 \uc815\uc2e0\uc744 \ub69c\ub837\ud558\uac8c \ubc18\uc601\ud55c \ub0b4\ubd80 \uad6c\uc870\ub85c \uc138\uacc4\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uc774\ubaa9\uc744 \ub04c\uc5c8\ub358 \ub0b4\ub2f9\uc131\ub2f9\uc740 \uc544\uc27d\uac8c\ub3c4 1988\ub144 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub354 \uc775\uc219\ud588\ub358 \uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc758 \ubd88\ud3b8\ud568\uc744 \uc774\uae30\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \ub300\ub300\uc801\uc778 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uc218\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00 \uc9c0\uae08\uc740 \uadf8 \uc6d0\ud615\uc744 \ucc3e\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4.* \ucc9c\ucc3d\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \ub9c9\uc544 \uc9c0\uae08\uc740 \ube5b\uc758 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc131\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uadf8 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc774\ub098 \uac10\ud765\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub294 \uacf5\uac04\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4\ubc84\ub838\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ub514 \uc2e0\ubd80\uac00 “\ub3d9\uc591\uc5d0\uc11c \ud558\ub098\ubfd0\uc778 \ud2b9\uc218\ud55c \uc131\ub2f9\uc744 \uac74\ub9bd\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574” \uc624\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc544\ub85c \ubaa8\uae08\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uac14\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uad50\ud68c \uac74\ubb3c \ud558\ub098\ub97c \uc9d3\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc790\uae08 \ub9c8\ub828\uc744 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub118\ub294 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \uc0b6\uc744 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294 \uc624\ud1a0\uce74 \uc6b8\uc758 \uac74\ucd95 \ucca0\ud559\uacfc \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \uad6c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uc2e4\ud5d8 \uc815\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uae4a\uc740 \uacf5\uac10\uc744 \ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.\n

*\ub300\uc7ac\ub2e8\uc744 3\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ub458\ub7ec\uc2f8\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\ub294 \ubbf8\uc0ac\uac00 \ud589\ud574\uc9c0\ub294 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc11c\ub85c \ub208\uc774 \ub9c8\uc8fc\uccd0 \uc9d1\uc911\uc774 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6e0\uace0, \ub192\uc740 \ucc9c\ucc3d\uc740 \uaca8\uc6b8\uc5d0 \ucda5\uace0 \uc5ec\ub984\uc5d0 \ub354\uc6b4 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \ub0b3\uc558\ub2e4. \uac74\ubb3c \ub124 \uadc0\ud241\uc774\uc5d0 \uc788\ub358 \ub098\ubb34\ubb38\uc740 \ube57\ubb3c\uc5b4 \uc369\uc5b4 \ub0b4\ub824\uc549\uace0 \ub9d0\uc558\ub2e4. \uacb0\uad6d \ub0b4\ubd80\ub294 \uc77c\ubc29\ud5a5\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc73c\ub85c, \ub124 \uadc0\ud241\uc774\uc758 \ubb38\uc740 \uc5ec\ub290 \uad00\uacf5\uc11c\ucc98\ub7fc \uc911\uc559 \ud604\uad00\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc54c\ub8e8\ubbf8\ub284 \uc0f7\uc2dc\ub85c \uad50\uccb4\ub418\uace0 \ucc9c\ucc3d\uc740 2\uce35\uc5d0\uc11c\ubd80\ud130 \ub9c9\uc544 \uc804\uae30 \uc870\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \uad50\uccb4\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud55c\uad6d \uc804\uc7c1(1950-1953) \uc774\ud6c4 \ub3c4\uc2dc \uc7ac\uac74\uc758 \ub178\ub825 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uae09\uc18d\ub3c4\ub85c \ub298\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \uc2e0\uc790\ub97c \uc218\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \uacf5\uac04\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud588\ub358 \ub300\uad6c \uad50\uad6c\uc758 \ud604\uc2e4\uacfc, \uad50\ud68c \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \uac1c\ud601 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc801 \ub178\ub825, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc624\ud1a0\uce74 \uc6b8\uc758 \uac74\ucd95\uc801\uc778 \uc2e4\ud5d8 \uc815\uc2e0\uc774 \ub9cc\ub09c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubc18\uc9dd\uc774\ub294 \uacb0\uacfc\ubb3c\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \uc624\ud1a0\uce74 \uc6b8\uc774 \uc124\uacc4\ud55c \ub0b4\ub2f9\uc131\ub2f9\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\uc744\uae4c. \ube44\ub85d \uc9c0\uae08\uc740 \ube5b \ubc14\ub79c \uc678\ud615\ub9cc \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc804\ud6c4 1960\ub144\ub300 \ud3d0\ud5c8\ub098 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\uc600\ub358, \uc138\uacc4 \ucd5c\ube48\ubbfc\uad6d\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \ud55c\uad6d \ub545\uc5d0, \uadf8\uac83\ub3c4 \ub098\ubcd1\ud658\uc790\uac00 \ubaa8\uc5ec \uc0b4\ub358 \ub3c4\uc2dc \ub300\uad6c\uc758 \ubcc0\ub450\ub9ac \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc120 \uc774 \ub0af\uc120 \uac74\ubb3c\uc740 \uc804\uc7c1 \uc774\ud6c4 \ud63c\ub780\uacfc \ud76c\ub9dd\uc774 \uacf5\uc874\ud558\ub358 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub85c\uc11c \uc885\uad50\uac00 \uac16\ub294 \ucc45\uc784 \uc758\uc2dd\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \uad6c\ud604\ubb3c\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\uc785\ub41c \ubaa8\ub354\ub2c8\uc998 \uac74\ucd95\uc758 \ubc29\ubc95\ub860\uc740 \uc885\uad50 \uc804\ud1b5\uc758 \ud604\ub300\uc801 \ubd80\ud65c\uc744 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc885\uad50\uc640 \ub514\uc790\uc778 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uac1c\ud601 \uc815\uc2e0\uacfc \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc601\uc801 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ub178\ub825\uc774 \ud3d0\ud5c8 \uc704\uc5d0 \uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6b4 \uad6c\uc870\ubb3c\ub85c \uc2e4\ud604\ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/b> \uc624\ud1a0\uce74 \uc6b8\uc758 \ub0b4\ub2f9\uc131\ub2f9\uc774 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uac00\uce58\ub294 \uac74\ucd95\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \ub610 \uc885\uad50\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc0c1\uc0c1\ud558\ub294 \uadf8 \uc774\uc0c1\uc77c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub978\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Naedang Church, 1966<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\tJiyoon Park
\nDesign history and culture researcher\n\ubc15\uc9c0\uc724
\n\ub514\uc790\uc778 \uc5ed\uc0ac, \ubb38\ud654 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\n\t\t\t\t\"KakaoTalk_Photo_2021-09-08-20-28-02\"\n\t

RELATED POSTS<\/p>\n\tThe CLUMSY Plan
\nAddress : 4Fl. 199 Itaewon-ro (Itaewon-dong) Yongsan-gu, Seoul
\nInquiry : 02 – 723 – 2973, info@thomasparkgallery.com
\n\uc774\uc6a9\uc57d\uad00<\/a>\u00a0 \uc815\uae30\uacfc\uae08\uc774\uc6a9\uc57d\uad00<\/a> \u00a0\uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4\ucde8\uae09\ubc29\uce68<\/a>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Spirituality and Innovation: Ottokar Uhl’s Modern Church Architecture \ud3d0\ud5c8 \uc704 \uc9c0\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc131\uc804: \uc624\ud1a0\uce74 \uc6b8\uc758 \ubaa8\ub354\ub2c8\uc998, \ub300\uad6c \ub0b4\ub2f9\uc131\ub2f9 Text by Jiyoon Park \ubc15\uc9c0\uc724 Translation by Irene Song \uc1a1\ud6a8\uc815 Cover Image:\u00a0Naedang Church, \u300eDomus\u300f, no. 467, October,1968 In October 1968, Domus, an Italian architecture and design magazine, published an article on the architecture of a catholic church built…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":321,"featured_media":35554,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"tpl-no-header-footer.php","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[39,25],"class_list":["post-38512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-clumsy-style","tag-force"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38512","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/321"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38512"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38512\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38927,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38512\/revisions\/38927"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35554"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38512"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38512"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}