I start with the bare bones of Forrest Bess’ biography. He was born in Bay City, Texas on October 5, 1911, one year before Agnes Martin (1912-2004) and Jackson Pollock (1912-1956) joined him on this planet. Martin’s entry point was Macklin, Saskatchewan: Pollock’s was Cody, Wyoming. They came to New York in order to make contact, and left, in order to preserve themselves. Bess never lived in New York, but he did spend the fall of 1948 in Woodstock, New York, with his friends, the painter Rosalie Berkowitz and her husband Sidney, waiting for the opening of his show at Betty Parsons, which was scheduled for December.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t The mix Bess belongs in includes Agnes Martin and Jackson Pollock. As Martin tells us in the film about her, she painted with her “back to the world.” She prefers being alone in her studio. Pollock, meanwhile, declared: “I am nature.” We should not lose sight of the fact that both Martin and Pollock’s notion of the self resonates with bess’ own understanding of individual identity. In Bess’ case, identity was rooted in his belief that he was the receiver of visions, a conduit, rather than being an originator of images, a creator. He saw creativity as essentially female – that one gave birth to images – rather than masculine, and the ability to create.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t According to Bess, he had his first vision at the age of four. It took place on Easter Morning and “the vision has always been brilliant In [his] mind.” At the age of seven, he began drawing by copying From an encyclopedia. In 1934, he established a studio in Bay City, and took commissions, painting portraits, dogs, and houses in a style, which he describes as Post-Impressionist. He also began paintings that were based directly on sketches of his dreams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t By 1946, after he was discharged from the army, Bess began transcribing his visions into paint. In an article he published in a Bay City newspaper in 1951, he wrote:<\/p>\n I term myself a visionary artist for lack of a better word. Something seen otherwise than by ordinary sight. I can close my eyes in a dark room and if there is no outside noise or attraction,\u00a0plus, if there is no conscious effort on my part then I can see color, lines, patterns, and forms that make up my canvasses. I have always copied these arrangements without elaboration.<\/p>\n In a letter to the art historian Meyer Schapiro, explaining why he painted the way he did, as well as why he was critical of many of the Abstract Expressionists, Bess stated that he was loathe to lift “vision up to aesthetics.” “I am just a copyist,” he wrote to his lifelong friend and fellow artist Rosalie Berkowitz. “Elaboration and concoction are not my assets.” Bess, who survived as a bait fisherman, lived on a strip of land that was accessible only by boat. In another letter to Schapiro, he revealed why he chose to live in such extreme conditions:<\/p>\n I try to tell myself that only by breaking completely away from society can I arrive at a reasonable existence.<\/p>\n Between 1948 and 1962, Bess had six exhibitions at Betty Parsons. She also exhibited Jackson Pollock and Agnes Martin, as well as Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman, Ellsworth Kelly, Robert Rauschenberg, and Ruth Vollmer. In contrast to Parsons’ other artists, Bess worked on a small scale, and was completely disinterested in making large-scale canvases, which we associate with the Abstract Expressionists. He didn’t make what Clement Greenberg called\u00a0“American-type painting.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t Bess, it should be noted, wasn’t the only one to go against the grain during the 1950s and ’60s. Charles Seliger (1926-2009), the youngest of the Abstract Expressionists, Myron Stout (1908-1987), and Mark Tobey (1890-1976) also worked on an intimate scale. By the mid-60s at the height of Pop Art and Minimalism – Bess’ work more or less dropped out of sight. He wasn’t mentioned in textbooks and one was not likely to see his work included in surveys of Abstract Expressionism because he wasn’t part of the group. He was, as should now be clear, a loner, an isolato, someone who felt best when he was cut off from society. In some sense, he turned his back to the world, but in some other way he did not. As his letters to Shapiro and others attest to, Bess was desperate to be understood and accepted.<\/p>\n In 1981, Bess was reintroduced to the art world by way of a small one-person exhibition at the Whitney Museum of American Art. Barbara Haskell organized the show and there was a small pamphlet available for free. According to the pamphlet, the symbols in Bess’ work were based on “obscure sexual references” and there was something “lurid” about them.<\/p>\n\t It was at this exhibition that I first saw Bess’ work. Others who saw it and were influenced by it include Andrew Massullo, Chris Martin, Robert Gober and Peter Acheson. They were not the only artists who would come under the spell of Bess’ paintings. In the 2012 Whitney Biennial, Robert Gober’s installation of Bess’ work was revealing, particularly compared to the Whitney show in 1981, which alluded to “obscure sexual references.” Gober’s installation was based on what Bess himself wanted – a show of his work supplemented by his research, notes, and other material. He sincerely believed that immortality was something that any individual could achieve – it required that the individual integrate one’s male and female selves, become a hermaphrodite. It is a current of thought that is central to the branch of thinking known as alchemy and a way of understanding reality one encounters in the poetry of Robert Duncan, Robert Kelly and others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t Gober’s installation presents documentary material, including a Polaroid of what Bess did to himself in order to become what my colleague Thomas Micchelli described as “a self-surgically-altered pseudo-hermaphrodite.”<\/p>\n Micchelli also made the following observation in “Poor Forrest. Dead and Gone” (March 10, Hyperallergic Weekend):<\/p>\n Bess (1911-1977) has been dead for almost 34 and a half years. And so his inclusion in a show where the majority or the work was completed between 2010 and 2012 comprise a de facto institutional recognition of his influence on contemporary art (an influence that a generation or two of painters have already taken for granted).<\/p>\n What comes through with exceptional clarity – and what saves Bess’s simple shapes and curious array of personal symbols from mere eccentricity-is the clammy-palmed necessity simmering just beneath each painting’s skin. Bess made art like his life depended on it, because it did. The same can be said for James Castle, Adolf W\u00f6lfli or Martin Ramirez. It’ what is outside about outsider art. Throughout the image conjured by Bess, Castle and the others, you can all but feel their frontal lobes throbbing, ready to explode.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t In scale, Bess’ paintings are about as wide and tall as someone’s field of vision when they are staring at something just in front of them. According to Bess, he painted what he saw on the backs of his eyelids. The scale might be intimate, but, as in our dreams, the space in many of Bess’ paintings could evoke a disquieting vastness, as in\u00a0Night Flight (1959)<\/i>, in which a swarm of eyes with wings emerge out of the black paint. It is these emergences of something palpable out of seemingly nothing but air that I find so remarkable in Bess’ paintings – they are not like anyone else’s.<\/p>\n Yes, some of Bess’s paintings can be understood as nature abstractions. Others contain mandalas and different symbols, some of which he developed to help him understand his sexual difference. In a letter to Meyer Schapiro he summed it up this way: “The scrotum is the doorway to heaven.” Bess believed that the hermaphrodite is the universal symbol for the complete, self-generating human – one who could impregnate himself – and sets out to achieve this immortal state in 1960 by cutting an incision at the base of his scrotum. Bess was nothing, if not literal, when it came to symbols and alchemy .<\/p>\n Willem de Kooning believed “flesh was the reason oil paint was invented.” It seems that Bess, who used a palette knife in his work, believed the body was the reason oil paint was invented – a body that both needed and wanted to be cut and penetrated. However, before you decide that Bess is simply eccentric, it seems to me that it is useful to remember how close he was – in both his work and thinking to – the Abstract Expressionists. And, perhaps more importantly, how different his work was from theirs, in scale, paint handling and image. He may have not thought himself as being original, but to my mind that’s exactly what he was.<\/p>\n In 1946, Bess began copying his visions into painting, and continued to do so until a few years before he died in 1977. Between 1947 and 1952, many Abstract Expressionists wanted to make a painting that was naked, a work stripped down to its essentials. They were in crisis because they wanted their work to go beyond aesthetic issues. Mark Rothko, Clyfford Still, Jackson Pollock, Barnett Newman, and Ad Reinhardt all took radical steps during this intense five-year span. Although Bess had little to do with his peers, he too wanted to make a painting that was naked, one in which he did not elaborate his vision or lift it up into aesthetics. Clearly Bess, who was living in Texas, far from the New York art world, was in tune with what was going on there. The crisis Bess was in was not nearly the same as the ones afflicting Still, Rothko and the others. He was in crisis over his body and the fact that like everyone else he had to endure as well as succumb to time passing, to chaos and entropy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t The black hills in\u00a0Untitled (n.d.)<\/i>\u00a0are the buttocks of a black man that Bess lusts after, but cannot admit to because he is white. The vertical and horizontal striations in his landscape abstractions compress ploughed furrows, scarification, and flagellation as well as an archaic way of counting time. Pain, pleasure, ecstasy, and revelation are inseparable. That’s the state of nakedness Bess achieved in his strongest paintings. There is nothing stylish or self-deluded about them\u00a0 that’s what Micchelli means when he writes about “the clammy-palmed necessity simmering just beneath each painting’s skin.” And yet, we don’t go back to these paintings because they are lurid. No matter how much we learn about Bess, many of his works remain mysterious and full of urgency. They can also be serene, creepy, and weird. In\u00a0The Hermaphrodite (1957)<\/i>, the red shapes extending in from the edges of a white oblong form are wounds. You don’t have to know anything about Bess and his theories for that to come across.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t Instead of being reductive or extravagant, Bess connected the dots. He found corroboration for ideas about art in his research into alchemy and aboriginal practices, among other things. He wanted to make a naked painting, and he wanted to be able to put everything into it. This is the conundrum he solves through his visual compressions. For all of his literalness, Bess was not a literal painter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t In the exhibition at Christies, there is an early visionary painting called\u00a0Untitled (The Void 1)\u00a0<\/i>(1946-47). The rectangle is dominated by what looks like a pair of black abstract wings whose top right and left sides extend to the top right and left corners. In the mirroring, off-white gullies formed by the band where the wing-like shape forms taper down, Bess has painted tiny linear symbols, which have an almost cartoony feel to them.<\/p>\n A decade later, Bess divides the composition of\u00a0Untitled<\/i>\u00a0(1957) horizontally. The upper half is pinkish along its bottom edge and red above that. In the bottom half, it is bluish gray near the top edge and dark gray-blue below. It could be a red sky above the ocean, but Bess confounds us by painting what looks like a black spine traversed by short, evenly spaced black bars. He has filled the spaces between the black bars with yellow. Starting on the left side and rising up from the bottom edge, the spine runs parallel to the picture plane, but then curves and tilts slightly to the right as it extends diagonally into the painting, diminishing its width on its way to carving out a deep sense of space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t No matter how many ways you take these paintings apart, they snap back together and resist being domesticated by language. That’s because Bess is as particular in his signs and symbols as Hilma af Klint was in hers. No matter how close we get to them, etymologically speaking, we reach a point where we cannot go any further. We are left with what is in front of us. At the heart of these powerful little paintings is the artist’s serene acceptance of the solitariness that he will neither overcome nor escape. It wasn’t the solitariness that haunted him, but the conditions of it. That’s what he sought to\u00a0change through his work.<\/p>\n Hyperallergic Weekend (March 18 and 25, 2012)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t \ub098\ub294 \ud3ec\ub808\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ubca0\uc2a4\uc758 \uc0dd\uc560\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \uace8\uc790\ub4e4\ub85c \uc774 \uae00\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ud3ec\ub808\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ubca0\uc2a4\ub294 1911\ub144 10\uc6d4 5\uc77c, \ud14d\uc0ac\uc2a4 \uc8fc \ubca0\uc774\uc2dc\ud2f0\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc544\uadf8\ub124\uc2a4 \ub9c8\ud2f4(1912-2004)\uacfc \uc7ad\uc2a8 \ud3f4\ub85d(1912-1956)\uc774 \uc774 \ud589\uc131\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\uc640 \uc870\uc6b0\ud558\uae30 \uc77c \ub144 \uc804\uc758 \uc77c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\ud2f4\uc774 \ub0b4\ub9b0 \uacf3\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2a4\uce90\uce58\uc644 \uc8fc\uc758 \ub9e5\ud074\ub9b0\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \ud3f4\ub85d\uc740 \uc640\uc774\uc624\ubc0d \uc8fc\uc758 \ucf54\ub514\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub458\uc740 \ud0c0\uc778\uacfc\uc758 \uc811\ucd09\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ub274\uc695\uc5d0 \uc654\ub2e4\uac00 \uadf8\ub4e4 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \uc9c0\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud574, \ub5a0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc2a4\ub294 \ub274\uc695 \uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b0 \uc801\uc740 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8\uc758 \uce5c\uad6c \ub85c\uc798\ub9ac \ubc84\ucf54\ube44\uce20\uc640 \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \ub0a8\ud3b8 \uc2dc\ub4dc\ub2c8\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 1948\ub144 \uac00\uc744\uc744 \ub274\uc695 \uc8fc \uc6b0\ub4dc\uc2a4\ud0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\ub0c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud574 12\uc6d4 \ub274\uc695 \uc2dc\u00a0\ubca0\ud2f0 \ud30c\uc2a8\uc2a4 \uac24\ub7ec\ub9ac*\uc5d0\uc11c \uc608\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uadf8\uc758 \uac1c\uc778\uc804 \uc624\ud504\ub2dd\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc11d\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t * \ubca0\ud2f0 \ud30c\uc2a8\uc2a4 \uac24\ub7ec\ub9ac Betty Parsons Gallery :\u00a0\ub274\uc695 \ubbf8\ub4dc\ud0c0\uc6b4\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud558\ub358 \uac24\ub7ec\ub9ac\ub85c 1946\ub144 \ubb38\uc744 \uc5f4\uc5b4 1981\ub144 \ubb38\uc744 \ub2eb\uc558\ub2e4. \ubca0\ud2f0 \ud30c\uc2a8\uc2a4\ub294 “\ucd94\uc0c1\ud45c\ud604\uc8fc\uc758 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uc5ec\uc131\uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790”\ub77c \ubd88\ub9b4 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \ubb34\uba85\uc758 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud45c\ud604\uc8fc\uc758 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc744 \uc608\uc220\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub4f1\uc6a9\uc2dc\ud0a8 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uba85\ud558\ub2e4. \uc7ad\uc2a8 \ud3f4\ub85d, \uc544\uadf8\ub124\uc2a4 \ub9c8\ud2f4, \ub9c8\ud06c \ub85c\uc2a4\ucf54, \ud074\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub4dc \uc2a4\ud2f8, \ubc14\ub137 \ub274\uba3c, \ud5ec\ub80c \ud504\ub791\ucf04\ud0c8\ub7ec, \ud3ec\ub808\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ubca0\uc2a4 \ub4f1 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \uac24\ub7ec\ub9ac\ub97c \uac70\ucce4\ub2e4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t \ubca0\uc2a4\uac00 \uc18d\ud588\ub358 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc5d0\ub294 \uc544\uadf8\ub124\uc2a4 \ub9c8\ud2f4\uacfc \uc7ad\uc2a8 \ud3f4\ub85d\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\ud2f4\uc774 \uadf8\ub140\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc601\ud654 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9d0\ud558\uae38, \uadf8\ub140\ub294 “\ub4f1\uc744 \ub3cc\ub9ac\uace0” \uadf8\ub9bc\uc744 \uadf8\ub838\ub2e4\uace0 \ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \uc791\uc5c5\uc2e4\uc5d0 \ud63c\uc790 \uc788\ub294 \uac78 \uc88b\uc544\ud588\ub2e4. \ubc18\uba74 \ud3f4\ub85d\uc740 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc120\uc5b8\ud588\ub2e4. “\ub098\ub294 \uc790\uc5f0\uc774\ub2e4.” \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub9c8\ud2f4\uacfc \ud3f4\ub85d\uc758 \uc790\uc544\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0dd\uac01\uc774 \ubca0\uc2a4\uc758 \uac1c\uc778 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\ud574\uc640 \ud1b5\ud558\ub294 \uc810\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \ub208\uc5ec\uaca8 \ubd10\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uadf8\uc758 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc740 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc2dc\uac01\uc801\uc778 \uc601\uac10\uc744 “\ubc1b\ub294” \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uac01\uc801 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub97c \ucc3d\uc870\ud574\ub0b4\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\uace0 \ubbff\ub294 \uac83\uc5d0\uc11c \uc654\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ucc3d\uc870\uc131\uc740 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\uc131\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud588\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\uba74 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub97c “\ub0b3\ub294 \uac83”\uc774\ub2c8\uae4c.<\/p>\n \ubca0\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74 \uadf8\ub294 4\uc0b4 \ub54c \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c “\ube44\uc804vision*”\uc744 \uac00\uc84c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud588\ub2e4. \ubd80\ud65c\uc808 \uc544\uce68\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \uadf8\ub54c \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c “\uadf8 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub294 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \uc0dd\uc0dd\ud558\uac8c \uba38\ub9bf\uc18d\uc5d0 \ub0a8\uc544\uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.” 7\uc0b4\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \ub54c \uadf8\ub294 \ubc31\uacfc\uc0ac\uc804\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0bd\ud654\ub4e4\uc744 \ubca0\uaef4 \uadf8\ub9ac\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. 1934\ub144, \uadf8\ub294 \ubca0\uc774\uc2dc\ud2f0\uc5d0 \uc791\uc5c5\uc2e4\uc744 \uafb8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc8fc\ubb38 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc744 \uc81c\uc791\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654\uc640 \uac1c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc9d1\ub4e4\uc744, \uadf8\uc758 \ud45c\ud604\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74, “\uc2e0\uc778\uc0c1\uc8fc\uc758” \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\ub85c \uadf8\ub838\ub2e4. \ub610 \uadf8\uac00 \ubc24\uc5d0 \uafb8\uc5c8\ub358 \uafc8\ub4e4\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t * \ube44\uc804 vision: \uc2dc\uac01, \uc608\uc9c0\ub825, \ud658\uc601, \uc885\uad50\uc801 \ud658\uc601, (\ubbf8\uc220\uc5d0\uc11c) \uc2dc\uac01\uc801 \uc138\uacc4 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ud3ec\ub808\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ubca0\uc2a4\uc758 vision\uc740 “\ud658\uc601”\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\ub3c4 \uc788\uc73c\uba74\uc11c, \uacc4\uc18d\ub418\ub294 \uae00 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub9cc\uc758 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc2dc\uac01\uc801 \uc138\uacc4\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8, \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc8fc\ub294, \uc2dc\ub300\ub97c \uc55e\uc11c\uac04 \ub2a5\ub825\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\ub85c \ub2e4\uc911\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\ub85c \uc4f0\uc600\ub2e4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t 1946\ub144 \uad70\ub300\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\ub300\ud55c \ud6c4 \ubca0\uc2a4\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 “\ube44\uc804”\uc744 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc73c\ub85c \uc62e\uae30\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. 1951\ub144 \ubca0\uc774\uc2dc\ud2f0 \uc77c\uac04\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub0b8 \ud55c \uae30\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub294 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc37c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ub098\ub294 \ub098 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 “\ube44\uc800\ub108\ub9ac” \uc544\ud2f0\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c \ubd80\ub974\ub294\ub370, \ub354 \uc801\ub2f9\ud55c \ub9d0\uc774 \uc5c6\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \ub098\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ubcf4\ud1b5 \ubcf4\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\uc640 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2e4. \ubc16\uc774 \uc870\uc6a9\ud558\uace0 \uc544\ubb34 \uc77c \uc5c6\uc744 \ub54c, \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud788 \uc758\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub178\ub825\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc5b4\ub450\uc6b4 \ubc29\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\uc800 \ub208\uc744 \uac10\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba74, \ub0b4 \uce94\ubc84\uc2a4\ub97c \ucc44\uc6b8 \uc0c9\uacfc \uc120\uacfc \ubaa8\uc591\uacfc \ud615\ud0dc\uac00 \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4. \ub098\ub294 \uc774\ub54c \ubcf8 \uac83\uc744 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ubca0\ub080\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \ub178\ub825\uc5c6\uc774.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t \ubbf8\uc220\uc0ac\uac00 \ub9c8\uc774\uc5b4 \uc0e4\ud53c\ub85c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc4f4 \ud3b8\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c, \uadf8\uac00 \uc65c \uadf8\ub9bc\uc744 \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \uadf8\ub9ac\ub294\uc9c0, \uc65c \uadf8\uac00 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud45c\ud604\uc8fc\uc758 \ud654\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \ube44\ud310\uc801\uc778\uc9c0\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uba74\uc11c, “\ube44\uc804\uc744 \ubbf8\ud559\uc73c\ub85c \ub04c\uc5b4\uc62c\ub9ac\ub824\ub294 \ub178\ub825”\uc744 \ud610\uc624\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud588\ub2e4. “\ub098\ub294 \uadf8\uc800 \ubaa8\uc0ac\ud560 \ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4.” \ud3c9\uc0dd \uce5c\uad6c\uc774\uc790 \ub3d9\ub8cc \ud654\uac00\uc778 \ub85c\uc798\ub9ac \ubc84\ucf54\ube44\uce20\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4. “\uc798 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc798 \uc870\ud569\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub0b4\uac00 \uc798\ud558\ub294 \uc77c\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.” \ubca0\uc2a4\ub294 \ub09a\uc2dc\uafbc\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \ud588\ub294\ub370, \ubcf4\ud2b8\ub97c \ud0c0\uace0\uc11c\ub9cc \uac08 \uc218 \uc788\ub294, \uc678\uc9c0\uace0 \uc791\uc740 \uc870\uac01 \ub545\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uc558\ub2e4. \uc0e4\ud53c\ub85c\uc5d0\uac8c \uc4f4 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud3b8\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub294 \uc65c \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc624\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\ub294\uc9c0 \ubc1d\ud78c \uc801\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ub098\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uba40\uc5b4\uc838\uc57c\ub9cc \uc5b4\ub290 \uc815\ub3c4 \uc2e4\uc874\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud574\uc694.<\/p>\n 1948\ub144\uc5d0\uc11c 1962\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubca0\uc2a4\ub294 \ubca0\ud2f0 \ud30c\uc2a8\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa8\ub450 \uc5ec\uc12f \ubc88\uc758 \uc804\uc2dc\ub97c \ud588\ub2e4. \ubca0\ud2f0 \ud30c\uc2a8\uc2a4\ub294 \uc7ad\uc2a8 \ud3f4\ub85d\uacfc \uc544\uadf8\ub124\uc2a4 \ub9c8\ud2f4\uc740 \ubb3c\ub860, \ub9c8\ud06c \ub85c\uc2a4\ucf54, \ubc14\ub137 \ub274\uba3c, \uc5d8\uc2a4\uc6cc\uc2a4 \ucf08\ub9ac, \ub85c\ubc84\ud2b8 \ub77c\uc6b0\uc174\ubc84\uadf8, \ub8e8\uc2a4 \ubcfc\uba38 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc804\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uac24\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc600\ub2e4. \ud30c\uc2a8\uc2a4\uc758 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc \ub300\uc870\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubca0\uc2a4\uc758 \uc791\ud488 \ud06c\uae30\ub294 \uc791\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud45c\ud604\uc8fc\uc758 \ud654\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774\uc5c8\ub358, \ud070 \uce94\ubc84\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uc791\uc5c5\ud558\ub294 \uc77c\uc5d0 \uc804\ud600 \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud074\ub9ac\uba58\ud2b8 \uadf8\ub9b0\ubc84\uadf8\uac00 “\ubbf8\uad6d\uc2dd \ud68c\ud654”\ub77c \uc774\ub984 \ubd99\uc778 \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc77c\uc758 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t \ubca0\uc2a4\uac00 1950\ub144\ub300\uc640 60\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \uc2dc\ub958\ub97c \ub530\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \uc791\uac00\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ucd94\uc0c1\ud45c\ud604\uc8fc\uc758 \ud654\uac00\ub4e4 \uc911 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc5b4\ub838\ub358, \ucc30\uc2a4 \uc140\ub9ac\uac70(1926-2009)\uc640 \ub9c8\uc774\ub860 \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc6b0\ud2b8(1908-1987) \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub9c8\ud06c \ud1a0\ube44(1890-1976)\ub3c4 \uc791\uc740 \uc0ac\uc774\uc988 \uce94\ubc84\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc744 \uadf8\ub838\ub2e4. 1960\ub144\ub300, \uadf8\ub7ec\ub2c8\uae4c \ud31d\uc544\ud2b8\uc640 \ubbf8\ub2c8\uba40\ub9ac\uc998\uc774 \ucd5c\uace0\uc870\uc77c \ubb34\ub835, \ubca0\uc2a4\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc740 \uac70\uc758 \uc78a\ud600\uc84c\ub2e4. \uad50\uacfc\uc11c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc804\ud600 \uc5b8\uae09\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uace0, \ucd94\uc0c1\ud45c\ud604\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ub3cc\uc544\ubcf4\ub294 \uc804\uc2dc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\uba74 \uadf8\ub294 \uadf8 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc5c8\uae30\uc5d0. \uadf8\ub294 \ud63c\uc790\uc600\uace0, \uace0\ub9bd\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0, \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd84\ub9ac\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \uac8c \ud3b8\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub294 \uc138\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub4f1\uc744 \ub3cc\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub2e4\ub974\uac8c \ubcf4\uba74 \ub610 \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uc0e4\ud53c\ub85c\uc640 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc4f4 \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\uba74, \ubca0\uc2a4\ub294 \uc774\ud574\ub418\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ubc1b\uae30\ub97c \uac04\uc808\ud788 \uc6d0\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n 1981\ub144 \ubca0\uc2a4\ub294 \ud718\ud2b8\ub2c8 \ubbf8\uc220\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\ub9b0 \uc791\uc740 \uac1c\uc778\uc804\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc608\uc220\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc18c\uac1c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubc14\ubc14\ub77c \ud574\uc2a4\ucf08\uc774 \uc804\uc2dc\ub97c \uae30\ud68d\ud588\uace0, \uc804\uc2dc\uc5d0\ub294 \ubb34\ub8cc\ub85c \ubc30\ud3ec\ud558\ub294 \uc791\uc740 \ud31c\ud50c\ub81b\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud31c\ud50c\ub81b\uc5d0\ub294 \ubca0\uc2a4\uc758 \uc791\ud488 \uc18d \uae30\ud638\ub4e4\uc740 “\ubaa8\ud638\ud55c \uc131\uc801\uc778 \ub808\ud37c\ub7f0\uc2a4”\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud588\uace0, \uadf8 \uae30\ud638\ub4e4\uc740 \ubb34\uc5b8\uac00 “\uc120\uc815\uc801”\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ub0b4\uac00 \ubca0\uc2a4\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc744 \ucc98\uc74c \ubcf8 \uac83\uc774 \uadf8 \uc804\uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc804\uc2dc\ub97c \ubcf4\uace0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc564\ub4dc\ub958 \ub9e4\uc124\ub85c, \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ub9c8\ud2f4, \ub85c\ubc84\ud2b8 \uace0\ubc84, \ud53c\ud130 \uc560\uce58\uc2a8 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc2a4\uc758 \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ub9e4\ub8cc\ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \ub2e4\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\ub2e4. 2012\ub144 \ud718\ud2b8\ub2c8 \ube44\uc5d4\ub0a0\ub808\uc5d0\uc11c \ub85c\ubc84\ud2b8 \uace0\ubc84\ub294 \ubca0\uc2a4\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc744 \uae30\ud68d, \uc804\uc2dc\ud588\ub294\ub370, 1981\ub144\ub3c4 \ud718\ud2b8\ub2c8 \uc804\uc2dc\uc640 \ube44\uad50\ud574\uc11c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uba74 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\uac00 \ucef8\ub2e4. \uace0\ubc84\uc758 \uc804\uc2dc\ub294 \ubca0\uc2a4 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uc6d0\ud558\ub358 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uadf8\uc758 \uadf8\ub9bc \ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uadf8\uac00 \ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c, \uba54\ubaa8 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc790\ub8cc\ub4e4\uc744 \ud568\uaed8 \uc804\uc2dc\ud55c \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc2a4\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc9c4\uc9dc \uc8fd\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud588\uace0, \uadf8 \ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \uac1c\uc778\uc774 \uc790\uc2e0 \uc548\uc5d0 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ub0a8\uc131\uacfc \uc5ec\uc131\uc744 \ud1b5\ud569\ud574\uc11c \uc790\uc6c5\ub3d9\uccb4\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc5f0\uae08\uc220\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \uc911\uc2ec\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \ud55c \uac08\ub798\uc774\uace0, \ub85c\ubc84\ud2b8 \ub358\ucee8\uacfc \ub85c\ubc84\ud2b8 \ucf08\ub9ac \ub4f1\uc758 \uc2dc\uc778\uc758 \uc2dc \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9cc\ub098\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud604\uc2e4\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t \uace0\ubc84\uc758 \uc804\uc2dc\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uae30\ub85d \uc790\ub8cc\ub4e4\uc774 \uc18c\uac1c\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \uc911\uc5d0\ub294 \ub0b4 \ub3d9\ub8cc \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4 \ubbf8\uccbc\ub9ac\uac00 “\ud63c\uc790 \uc218\uc220\ud574\uc11c \uc131\ud615\ub41c \uc720\uc0ac \uc790\uc6c5\ub3d9\uccb4”\ub77c\uace0 \ud45c\ud604\ud588\ub358 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uac00 \ub418\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ubca0\uc2a4\uac00 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\uc5d0\uac8c \ud589\ud55c \ud589\uc704\uac00 \ud3f4\ub77c\ub85c\uc774\ub4dc\uc5d0 \ub2f4\uaca8\uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.\u00a0\u00a0\ubbf8\uccbc\ub9ac\ub294 “\ubd88\uc30d\ud55c \ud3ec\ub808\uc2a4\ud2b8, \uc774\uc81c \uc8fd\uc5b4 \uc5c6\uc5b4\uc9c4(\ud558\uc774\ud37c\uc5bc\ub7ec\uc9c1 \uc704\ucf04\ub4dc, 3\uc6d4 10\uc77c)”\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t \ubca0\uc2a4(1911-1977)\uac00 \uc8fd\uc740 \uc9c0 \uc774\uc81c 34\ub144\ud558\uace0\ub3c4 \ubc18 \ub144\uc774 \ub354 \uc9c0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc774 2010\uc5d0\uc11c 2012\ub144\uc5d0 \uc81c\uc791\ub41c \uc791\ud488\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \uc804\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uadf8\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub3d9\uc2dc\ub300 \ubbf8\uc220\uc5d0 \ub07c\uce5c \uadf8\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. (\uadf8\uac00 \uc774\uc81c \ud55c \ub450 \uc138\ub300\uc5d0 \uac78\uce5c \ud654\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub07c\uce5c \uc601\ud5a5\uc740 \uc774\ubbf8 \ub2f9\uc5f0\uc2dc \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.)<\/p>\n \ubcf4\uae30 \ub4dc\ubb38 \uba85\ub8cc\ud568\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub098\ub294 \uac83\uc740-\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubca0\uc2a4\uc758 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\uc640 \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uadf8\ub9cc\uc758 \uae30\ud638\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8\uc800 \uae30\uc774\ud568\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4\uc11c\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740- \uadf8\ub9bc\uc758 \ud45c\uba74 \ubc11\uc5d0\uc11c \ub053\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc808\ubc15\ud55c \ud544\uc694\uc774\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc2a4\ub294 \uc0dd\uc0ac\ub97c \uac78\uace0 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc744 \uadf8\ub838\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\uba74 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uadf8\uc758 \uc0dd\uc0ac\uac00 \uac78\ub824 \uc788\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc81c\uc784\uc2a4 \uce90\uc2ac, \uc544\ub3cc\ud504 \uc6d4\ud50c\ub9ac,\u00a0\ub9c8\ud2f4 \ub77c\ubbf8\ub808\uc988\ub3c4 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\uc600\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc2a4\ub098 \uce90\uc2ac \ub4f1\uc774 \ubd88\ub7ec\ub0b8 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub4e4\uc744 \ubcf4\uba74 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc804\ub450\uc5fd\uc774 \uace0\ub3d9\uce58\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744, \ud130\uc9c0\uae30 \uc77c\ubcf4\uc9c1\uc804\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub290\ub084 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ubca0\uc2a4\uc758 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc758 \ud06c\uae30\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \ubb54\uac00\ub97c \uc55e\uc5d0 \ub193\uace0 \uc751\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c, \uadf8 \uc2dc\uac01\uc7a5\uc758 \ud06c\uae30\ub9cc\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74 \uadf8\ub294 \ub208\uc744 \uac10\uc558\uc744 \ub54c \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uadf8\ub9b0\ub2e4\uace0 \ud588\ub2e4. \ud06c\uae30\ub294 \uc791\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub9c8\uce58 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uafc8\uc744 \uafc0 \ub54c\ucc98\ub7fc, \ubca0\uc2a4\uc758 \ub9ce\uc740 \uadf8\ub9bc\ub4e4\uc774 \ubb34\uc12d\ub3c4\ub85d \ud06c\uac8c \ub290\uaef4\uc9c8 \ub54c\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4.\u00a0Night Flight (1959)\uc774 \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4. \uc774 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc5d0\uc120 \uac80\uc815\uc0c9 \ubb3c\uac10\uc73c\ub85c \uce60\ud55c \ubc30\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \ub0a0\uac1c\ub97c \ub2e8 \ub208\ub4e4\uc774 \ub5a0\uc624\ub978\ub2e4. \uc544\ubb34 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub294 \ub370\uc11c \ub9cc\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \uac83 \uac19\uc740 \ubb34\uc5b8\uac00 \ub5a0\uc624\ub974\ub294 \uac83, \uc774 \uce21\uba74\uc774 \ub0b4\uac00 \ubca0\uc2a4\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ud0c1\uc6d4\ud558\ub2e4 \ub290\ub07c\ub294 \uc810\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9cc\uc758 \uace0\uc720\ud568\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ub9de\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc2a4\uc758 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uadf8\ub9bc\ub4e4\uc740 \uc790\uc5f0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc774\ub77c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \uadf8\ub9bc\ub4e4\uc740 \ub9cc\ub2ec\ub77c\ub098 \ub2e4\ub978 \uae30\ud638\ub4e4\uc744 \ub2f4\uace0 \uc788\uace0, \uadf8\ub4e4 \uc911 \uc77c\ubd80\ub294 \uadf8\uac00 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc131\uc801 \uc815\uccb4\uc131\uc774 \ub0a8\ub4e4\uacfc \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4\ub294 \uac78 \uae68\ub2eb\ub294\ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uc900 \uae30\ud638\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ub9c8\uc774\uc5b4 \uc0e4\ud53c\ub85c\uc5d0\uac8c \uc4f4 \ud3b8\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc37c\ub2e4. “\uc74c\ub0ad\uc740 \ud558\ub298\ub85c \uac00\ub294 \ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.” \ubca0\uc2a4\ub294 \uc790\uc6c5\ub3d9\uccb4\uac00 \uc644\uc804\ud558\uace0 \uc790\uccb4 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294-\uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \uc784\uc2e0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294- \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801\uc778 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc774\ub77c \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\ub294 1960\ub144\uc5d0 \uadf8\uc758 \uc74c\ub0ad \ubc11\uc744 \uc790\ub974\uba74\uc11c \ubd88\uba78\uc758 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\ub824\uace0 \ud588\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc2a4\uc5d0\uac90 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uacfc \uc5f0\uae08\uc220\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac8c “\ubb38\uc790 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c”\uc600\ub2e4. \uc70c\ub818 \ub4dc \ucfe0\ub2dd\uc740 “\uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc0b4\uc774 \uc720\ud654 \ubb3c\uac10\uc774 \ubc1c\uba85\ub41c \uc774\uc720”\ub77c\uace0 \ubbff\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud314\ub808\ud2b8 \ub098\uc774\ud504\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud588\ub358 \ubca0\uc2a4\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ubab8-\uc989 \ubca0\uc774\uace0 \uad00\ud1b5\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\ub294-\uc774 \uc720\ud654 \ubb3c\uac10\uc774 \ubc1c\uba85\ub41c \uc774\uc720\ub77c\uace0 \ubbff\ub294 \uac83 \uac19\uc558\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc2a4\uac00 \uc774\uc0c1\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uae30\uc5b5\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\uc740 \ubca0\uc2a4\uac00 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud45c\ud604\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uac70\ub9ac\uac00 \uac00\uae4c\uc6e0\ub0d0 \ud558\ub294 \uc810\uc774\ub2e4. \uc791\ud488 \uc790\uccb4\uc640 \uadf8 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa8\ub450 \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \ub354 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc740, \uadf8\uac00 \uc791\ud488\uc758 \ud06c\uae30\ub098 \ubb3c\uac10\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774\ub098 \ub610 \uadf8 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub4e4\uacfc \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ub2ec\ub790\ub0d0\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc2a4 \uc790\uc2e0\uc740 \uadf8\uac00 \ub0a8\uc758 \uac83\uc744 \ubca0\ub080\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub0b4 \uc0dd\uac01\uc5d4 \uadf8\ub294 \ub204\uad6c\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub3c5\ucc3d\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t 1946\ub144 \ubca0\uc2a4\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \ube44\uc804\uc744 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc5d0 \uc62e\uae30\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uace0, \uadf8\uac00 1977\ub144 \uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \ub5a0\ub098\uae30 \uba87 \ud574 \uc804\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac19\uc740 \uc77c\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d\ud588\ub2e4. 1947\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1952\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ub9ce\uc740 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud45c\ud604\uc8fc\uc758 \ud654\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 “\ubc8c\uac70\ubc97\uc740” \uadf8\ub9bc\uc744, \ub2e4 \uc5c6\uc560\uace0 \ubcf8\uc9c8\ub9cc \ub0a8\uc740 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc2f6\uc5b4\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc791\ud488\uc774 \ubbf8\ud559\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c, \uadf8 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774 \ub418\uae30\ub97c \uc6d0\ud588\uae30\uc5d0 \uc704\uae30\uac10\uc744 \ub290\uaf08\ub2e4. \ub9c8\ud06c \ub85c\uc2a4\ucf54, \ud074\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub4dc \uc2a4\ud2f8, \uc7ad\uc2a8 \ud3f4\ub85d, \ubc14\ub137 \ub274\uba3c, \uc560\ub4dc \ub77c\uc778\ud558\ub974\ud2b8 \ubaa8\ub450\uac00 \uc774 \uac15\ub82c\ud55c 5\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uae09\uc9c4\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc5c5\ud588\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc2a4\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uacfc \ubcc4\ub85c \uacf5\ud1b5\uc810\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8 \uc5ed\uc2dc “\ubc8c\uac70\ubc97\uc740” \uadf8\ub9bc\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0\uc790 \ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 “\ube44\uc804”\uc744 \uc815\uad50\ud654\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ubbf8\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub04c\uc5b4\uc62c\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uacbd\uacc4\ud588\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c, \ub274\uc695\uc758 \uc608\uc220\uacc4\uc640\ub294 \uba40\ub9ac \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ud14d\uc0ac\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b4\ub358 \ubca0\uc2a4\ub294 \ud604\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \uc77c\uc5d0\ub9cc \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc2a4\uac00 \ub290\ub07c\ub358 \uc704\uae30\uac10\uc740 \uc2a4\ud2f8\uc774\ub098 \ub85c\uc2a4\ucf54\uac00 \ub290\ub07c\ub358 \uac83\uacfc\ub294 \uc804\ud600 \ub2e4\ub978 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \ubab8\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ub0a8\ub4e4\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \uc2dc\uac04\uacfc \ud63c\ub3c8\uacfc \uc5d4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud53c\uc5d0 \uad74\ubcf5\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc5d0 \uc704\uae30\ub97c \ub290\uaf08\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t <\ubb34\uc81c>\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uac80\uc740 \uc5b8\ub355\uc740 \ubca0\uc2a4\uac00 \uc88b\uc544\ud558\ub358 \ud751\uc778\uc758 \uc5c9\ub369\uc774\uc600\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8\ub294 \uadf8\uac00 \ubc31\uc778\uc774\uae30\uc5d0 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ud48d\uacbd\ud654 \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uc218\uc9c1\uacfc \uc218\ud3c9\uc758 \uc9c1\uc120\ub4e4\uc740 \uc7c1\uae30\uc9c8\ud55c \ubc2d\uace0\ub791, \ucc44\ucc0d\uc9c8\ud55c \uc790\uad6d \ub4f1\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0bc \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uace0, \uace0\ub300\uc758 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uc7ac\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uadf8\ub9b0 \uac83\uc77c \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uace0\ud1b5, \uc990\uac70\uc6c0, \uc5d1\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc2dc \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uacc4\uc2dc\ub294 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uac19\uc740 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uadf8\uc758 \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc778 \uc791\uc5c5 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ubca0\uc2a4\uac00 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud55c “\ubc8c\uac70\ubc97\uc74c”\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d4 \uba4b\uc9c0\uac70\ub098 \uc790\uae30 \ub9dd\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc740 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc810\uc774 \ubbf8\uccbc\ub9ac\uac00 “\uadf8\ub9bc\uc758 \ud45c\uba74 \ubc11\uc5d0\uc11c \ub053\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc808\ubc15\ud55c \ud544\uc694”\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c \uac83\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\uc774\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774 \uadf8\ub9bc\ub4e4\uc758 \ub2e4\uc18c \ucda9\uaca9\uc801\uc778 \uba74 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ubcf4\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ubca0\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc54c\uba74 \uc54c\uc218\ub85d \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc2e0\ube44\ub86d\uace0 \ub2e4\uae09\ud55c \ub290\ub08c\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\ub4dd\ud558\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ub610\ud55c \uace0\uc694\ud558\uace0, \ubb34\uc12d\uace0, \uae30\uc774\ud558\ub2e4.\u00a0<\uc790\uc6c5\ub3d9\uccb4(1957)>\uc5d0\uc11c \ud770\uc0c9 \ud0c0\uc6d0\uc758 \uc724\uacfd\uc120\uacfc \uc811\ud574\uc788\ub294 \ubd89\uc740 \ubc18\uc810\ub4e4\uc740 \uc0c1\ucc98\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ub290\ub07c\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ubca0\uc2a4\ub098 \uadf8\uc758 \uc774\ub860\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \uc54c \ud544\uc694\ub294 \uc5c6\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t \ubca0\uc2a4\ub294 \ub108\ubb34 \uc904\uc774\uac70\ub098 \ub298\uc774\ub294\ub300\uc2e0, \uadf8\uc800 \uc810\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5f0\uacb0\ud588\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uae08\uc220\uc774\ub098 \uc6d0\uc2dc \ubd80\uc871\ub4e4\uc758 \ud589\uc704\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\ub2e4\uac00 \uc608\uc220\uacfc \uad00\ud55c \uc774\ub860\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud55c \uc5f0\uacb0\uc810\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 “\ubc8c\uac70\ubc97\uc740” \uadf8\ub9bc\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc2f6\uc5c8\uace0, \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc744 \ub2f4\uace0 \uc2f6\uc5b4\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc2dc\uac01\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc555\ucd95\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774 \ub09c\uc81c\ub97c \ud480\uc5b4\uac14\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 ‘\ubb38\uc790 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c’\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc778 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ud589\ub3d9\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8\ub7f0 \ud654\uac00\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2f0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\ub9b0 \uc804\uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd08\uae30 “\ube44\uc804” \ud68c\ud654\uc778\u00a0<\ubb34\uc81c (\ud5c8\uacf5 1)>\u00a0(1946-47)\uac00 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uce94\ubc84\uc2a4\ub294 \ud55c \uc30d\uc758 \uac80\uc740, \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ub0a0\uac1c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uac00\ub85c\uc9c0\ub974\ub294\ub370, \uc774 \ud615\ud0dc\ub294 \uac01\uac01 \uc624\ub978\ucabd, \uc67c\ucabd \uc0c1\ud558\ub2e8\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud3bc\uccd0\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub0a0\uac1c \ubaa8\uc591\uc774 \uc6c0\ud479 \uaebc\uc9c4 \uacf3, \ud770\uc0c9\uc73c\ub85c \uce60\ud574\uc9c4 \ub3c4\ub791 \uac19\uc740 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0\ub294 \uac70\uc758 \ub9cc\ud654 \uac19\uc774 \uc0dd\uae34 \uc791\uc740 \uae30\ud638\ub4e4\uc774 \uac00\ub4dd \uadf8\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n 10\ub144 \ud6c4 \ubca0\uc2a4\ub294 \uc774 <\ubb34\uc81c>\uc758 \uad6c\uc131\uc744 \uc218\ud3c9\uc73c\ub85c \uc808\ubc18 \ub098\ub204\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc704\uc758 \uc808\ubc18\uc740 \ubc11\ub2e8\uc744 \ub530\ub77c \ud551\ud06c \ube5b\uc744 \ub760\uace0 \uadf8 \uc704\ub294 \ube68\uac15\uc774\ub2e4. \ubc11\uc758 \uc808\ubc18\uc740 \uc717\ub2e8\uc744 \ub530\ub77c \ud478\ub978 \uc0c9\uc774 \ub3c4\ub294 \ud68c\uc0c9\uc774\uace0 \uadf8 \ubc11\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc5b4\ub450\uc6b4 \ud68c\uccad\uc0c9\uc774\ub2e4. \ubc14\ub2e4 \uc704 \ubd89\uc740 \ub178\uc744\uc774 \uc9c4 \ud558\ub298 \uac19\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubca0\uc2a4\ub294 \uac80\uc740 \ucc99\ucd94 \uac19\uc774 \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \uadf8\ub824\ub123\uc5b4 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub97c \ud5f7\uac08\ub9ac\uac8c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc9e7\uace0 \uac80\uc740 \uc120\ub4e4\uc774 \ub4f1\uac04\uaca9\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\ub824\uc84c\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \uc0ac\uc774\ub294 \ub178\ub780\uc0c9\uc73c\ub85c \ucc44\uc6cc\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud615\ud0dc\ub294 \uc67c\ucabd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud574 \uc218\uc9c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc62c\ub77c\uac00\ub2e4\uac00 \uc624\ub978\ucabd \ub300\uac01\uc120 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uaebe\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba74\uc11c \uadf8 \uad75\uae30\uac00 \uac00\ub298\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud615\ud0dc\uac00 \uacf5\uac04 \uc18d\uc73c\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\ub294 \ub4ef\ud55c, \uae4a\uc774 \uac10\uac01\uc744 \uc900\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uadf8\uc758 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc740 \uc544\ubb34\ub9ac \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\ub824 \ud574\ub3c4, \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uc21c\uac04 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc740 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e8\ub2e8\ud788 \ubb49\uce58\uba70 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc5d0 \uadc0\uc18d\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc2a4\ub294\u00a0\ud790\ub9c8 \uc544\ud504 \ud074\ub9b0\ud2b8*\ucc98\ub7fc \uadf8 \uae30\ud638\uc640 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc744 \uadf8\ub9cc\uc758 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc544\ubb34\ub9ac \uac00\uae4c\uc774 \ub2e4\uac00\uac00\ub3c4, \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub354\uc774\uc0c1 \uac08 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc9c0\uc810\uc5d0 \ubd09\ucc29\ud558\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc55e\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uadf8\uc800 \ub0a8\uaca8\uc9c4\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc774 \uc791\uc740 \uadf8\ub9bc\ub4e4\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8\uac00 \uadf9\ubcf5\ud558\ub824\uace0\ub3c4, \ub3c4\ub9dd\uce58\ub824\uace0\ub3c4 \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub358 \uace0\ub9bd\uacfc \uace0\ub3c5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uace0\uc694\ud55c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc784\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.\u00a0\uadf8\ub97c \ud798\ub4e4\uac8c \ud588\ub358 \uac74 \uace0\ub9bd\uacfc \uace0\ub3c5\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uc8fc\ub294 \uc870\uac74\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac00 \uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0\uc790 \ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t *\ud790\ub9c8 \uc544\ud504 \ud074\ub9b0\ud2b8 (1862-1944) \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374\uc758 \ud654\uac00, \uc2e0\ube44\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub85c, \uc774\uc81c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud68c\ud654\ub97c \uadf8\ub838\ub2e4\uace0 \uae30\ub85d\ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \ubc14\uc2e4\ub9ac \uce78\ub518\uc2a4\ud0a4\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc55e\uc120 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud68c\ud654\ub97c \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uc5b4, \uc11c\uad6c \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \ucd94\uc0c1\ud654\uac00\ub85c \uae30\ub85d\ub41c\ub2e4.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/section>\n\t RELATED POSTS<\/p>\n\tThe CLUMSY Plan In the Eye of the Solitariness: Forrest Bess \ub208\uc744 \uac10\uace0 \ubcf4\ub2e4: \ud3ec\ub808\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ubca0\uc2a4 Text by John Yau\u00a0\uc874 \uc57c\uc6b0 Translation by Mimi Park \ubc15\uc0c1\ubbf8 I start with the bare bones of Forrest Bess’ biography. He was born in Bay City, Texas on October 5, 1911, one year before Agnes Martin (1912-2004) and Jackson Pollock (1912-1956) joined…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":321,"featured_media":35145,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"tpl-no-header-footer.php","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[163,158],"tags":[29],"class_list":["post-38541","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-john-yau","category-writing","tag-john-yau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38541","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/321"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38541"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38541\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38918,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38541\/revisions\/38918"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35145"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38541"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38541"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38541"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/161017_schjeldahl161017_03rd.jpeg\")
\n\t![\"\"](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/the-key.jpeg\")
\n\t![\"\"](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/MA-BESSF-00083-image-2.jpeg\")
\n\t![\"\"](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/picksimg_430x.jpeg\")
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\n\t![\"\"](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/image_processing20210114-4-qoeu3r.jpeg\")
\n\t![\"\"](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/af-klint-hilma_erosserien-nr-8_1907_f_albin-dahlstrom_1500x1076-1440x1033-1.jpeg\")
\n\t![\"Forrest](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/cri_000000256462.jpeg\" "\\"cri_000000256462\\"")
\n\t![\"\"](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/img-jackson-pollock105918214009.jpeg\")
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\n\uc774\uc6a9\uc57d\uad00<\/a>\u00a0 \uc815\uae30\uacfc\uae08\uc774\uc6a9\uc57d\uad00<\/a> \u00a0\uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4\ucde8\uae09\ubc29\uce68<\/a>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"