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<\/figure>\n\nCover Image: Arthur Schopenhauer \u24d2Google Images<\/p>\n<\/section>\n Arthur Schopenhauer (1788~1860) was a thinker who challenged rationalist philosophy that actively developed in modern times. Schopenhauer, in his first book The World as Will and Representation \/ Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung <\/i>(1818) rejects the idealism and rational philosophy purported by Hegel, Prussia’s national philosopher. He advocated a unique philosophy that attempts to understand the world by will, rather than reason (the confrontation between Hegel’s reason and Schopenhauer’s will reminds me of the opposition between ideology \u7406 and spirit \u6c23 in Eastern philosophy, however Schopenhauer’s will is independent of intentional acts motivated by life goals– so “desire”, “power”, or “energy” may be more apt expressions). His writings later had a great influence on biological philosophy, existential philosophy, numerous writers, and the psychoanalysis of Freud and Jung. Schopenhauer’s will is equivalent to “idea” in Plato’s philosophy, the “thing-in-itself” in Kant’s, and “the subconscious” in psychoanalysis. He may be regarded as a pioneer thinker of postmodernism, ahead of Nietzche in his focus on irrationalism.<\/p>\n Traditional thinkers regard intelligence as an attribute of will, whereas Schopenhauer and Nietzsche regard intelligence as subordinate to the will. In other words, intelligence is limited and a creation of will. Reason is also a phenomenon of the brain restricted by will, and is merely a by-product of will itself. Therefore, to grasp the essence of the world, one must approach it through will, not reason. Schopenhauer’s influence on the intellectual world of Western philosophy, literature, and psychology is tremendous. Nietzsche decided to become a philosopher upon reading Schopenhauer’s works; one finds Schopenhauer’s trace in the early Wittgenstein; Einstein’ discovery of the theory of relativity was influenced by Schopenhauer’s view of the self and the world. Although things have improved a bit recently with the release of his biography and critical writings, Schopenhauer’s name still seems to be receiving less attention than that of his disciple, Nietzsche.<\/p>\n After acquiring his doctorate degree, Schopenhauer, who studied Plato and Kant at the University of G\u00f6ttingen, was first introduced to Indian philosophy upon reading Upanishad<\/i> translated by Duferon, and written by Eastern philosophy scholar Friedrich Majer, who was a student of Herder. He regarded India as the “most ancient and primitive land of wisdom”, and believed that Brahmanism and Buddhism were adapted into Christianity after entering Europe. He learned about the ancient Indian teachings of Vedanta philosophy and Vedic mysticism, and the\u00a0Vedic scriptures of Upanishad<\/i> formed the basis of Schopenhauer’s philosophical system, along with Plato and Kant. He read and studied Upanishad<\/i> his entire life, and it became the unwavering foundation of his worldview. In 1851, he praised the text, writing that “In the whole world there is no study so beneficial and so elevating as that of the Upanishads. It has been the solace of my life, it will be the solace of my death.” He was surprised that his personal ideas were already established in unfamiliar lands beyond Europe. He also quotes a phrase from Upanishad<\/i> in The World as Will and Representation<\/i>: “As soon as awareness formed, desire disappeared.” When any desire ceases to exist and disappears, that is, when the light of desire is extinguished, true enlightenment is achieved.<\/p>\n Schopenhauer stated in his first edition that his “uniqueness” is based on three axes: Kant, Plato and the Upanishad.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n It is debatable whether Schopenhauer established his philosophy based on Buddhist thought, or whether he had arrived at a theory similar to Buddhism unintentionally. Schopenhauer stated in his first edition that his “uniqueness” is based on three axes: Kant, Plato and the Upanishad<\/i>, referring to “veda”, Upanishad<\/i>, “Sanskrit literature”, and “the wisdom of ancient India”, but did not mention Buddhism. Nevertheless, Schopenhauer, who already held a similar worldview to Buddhism, regarded himself as a “Buddhist”. In Europe during this time, there were very few introductions to Buddhism, merely existing as fragmentary knowledge. Schopenhauer’s work enthused intellectuals over India during this period, and Buddhist books were translated in Europe for the first time. Thus, it is not far-fetched to claim that the spread of Buddhism in Germany is indebted to Schopenhauer. Buddhism began to be actively introduced to Europe by the time the second edition of The World as Will and Representation<\/i> (1844) was published. In the third edition (1859), a widespread understanding of Buddhism was being developed, and it appears that the influence of Buddhism was systematically reflected between the second and third editions. Schopenhauer evaluated Buddhism as far superior to other religions in the third edition, saying that Buddhist doctrine helped establish his core propositions. He considered Buddhism to be a response to Western metaphysics, interpreted Buddhist awareness efforts as a means to break through the spiritual isolation of individuals, and discovered that his philosophy and teachings of Buddhism were all interconnected.<\/p>\n Buddhism says life is essentially a heavy burden, mainly consisting of pain and anguish. In a world where everything is ephemeral and doomed to destruction, there is no such thing as eternal satisfaction. The similarity between Buddhism and Schopenhauer as such is this idea that life is made up of endless will, effort, hope, pursuit, obsession, and longing. Since infancy, we have always desired and reached out towards something. However, if one wish is granted, another falls into its place, so this endless will fundamentally cannot be satisfied. In this regard, he is considered the first Buddhist thinker in the West to claim a “samsara of will”.<\/p>\n Hinduism claims that the only enduring reality is transcendent, non-material, timeless, spaceless, and inexplicable, whereas the world perceived by our bodily senses is a Mayan veil, like a show or shadow play of temporary phenomena. Buddhism, which was developed from Hinduism, says that in timeless reality there is no separate self, all beings are united, what appears to be each individual’s pain is in fact everyone’s, and wrong behavior causes pain to the perpetrator.<\/p>\n Religious figures generally view the world as a valley of tears, but they take a morally positive stance on something that exists beyond time and space, and call it merciful. However, Schopenhauer’s philosophy is that the transcendental realm and the phenomenal realm are the same, so he concludes that the transcendental realm is also quite a terrible world. He saw it as something that was blind, aimless, impersonal, and unrelated to morality, and had no interest in strength, impulse, life, or living things whatsoever. Schopenhauer called this transcendent entity, neither known nor understood, will. If we are to be fully liberated from life and the world, we must overcome the blind will of this life, the will to exist, and in order to do this it is imperative to let go of the will. (In the context of Western thought, his idea can also be considered as continuing Eckhart mysticism.) However, Schopenhauer never defended suicide, as suicide was an expression of active and violent will. According to Schopenhauer, the only salvation is to break obsession, refrain from intervention and participation, and deny the will to live a blind life.<\/p>\n Schopenhauer, who first profoundly and philosophically understood Buddhism in Europe, is credited with introducing Buddhist philosophy to the European intellectual community. Many Europeans also learned about Buddha’s teachings through Schopenhauer’s books. Schopenhauer’s impact on European Buddhism is significant; he is a pioneer in bridging two cultural, metaphysical, philosophical histories in the “wisest” way.<\/p>\n \uc885\ub798\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc9c0\uc131\uc744 \uc758\uc9c0\uc758 \ud55c \uc18d\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ud558\ub294 \ubc18\uba74 \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\uc640 \ub2c8\uccb4\ub294 \uc9c0\uc131\uc744 \uc758\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc885\uc18d\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uc131\uc774 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc774\uace0 \uc758\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub0ac\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\uc131 \ub610\ud55c \ub450\ub1cc \ud604\uc0c1\uc77c \ubfd0\uc774\uace0, \uc758\uc9c0\uc758 \uc81c\uc57d\uc744 \ubc1b\uc73c\uba70, \uc758\uc9c0\uc758 \ubd80\uc0b0\ubb3c\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc744 \ud30c\uc545\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc774\uc131\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c 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\uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\ub294 \ucd08\ud310 \uba38\ub9ac\ub9d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 ‘\uace0\uc720\uc0ac\uc0c1’\uc774 \uce78\ud2b8, \ud50c\ub77c\ud1a4, \uc6b0\ud30c\ub2c8\uc0e4\ub4dc \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc138 \ucd95\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\uc744 \ub450\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\uac00 \ubd88\uad50\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ucca0\ud559\uc744 \uc218\ub9bd\ud588\ub294\uc9c0, \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \ubd88\uad50\ub97c \uc54c\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3c5\ucc3d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\uad50\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\uccb4\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc758\uacac\uc774 \ubd84\ubd84\ud558\ub2e4. \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\ub294 \ucd08\ud310 \uba38\ub9ac\ub9d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 ‘\uace0\uc720\uc0ac\uc0c1’\uc774 \uce78\ud2b8, \ud50c\ub77c\ud1a4, 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\uac00\ub974\uce68\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ubd88\uad50\ub294 \uc0b6\uc774\ub780 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubb34\uac70\uc6b4 \uc9d0\uc774\uba70, \ucf8c\ub77d\uacfc \ub9cc\uc871\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uace0\ud1b5\uacfc \uace0\ub1cc\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc774 \ub367\uc5c6\uace0 \ud30c\uad34\ub420 \uc6b4\uba85\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud574 \uc788\ub294 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c\ub294 \uc601\uc6d0\ud55c \ub9cc\uc871\uc774\ub780 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ucc98\ub7fc \ubd88\uad50\uc640 \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\uc758 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uc810\uc740 \uc0b6\uc774 \ub05d\uc5c6\ub294 \uc758\uc9c0, \ub178\ub825, \ud76c\ub9dd, \ucd94\uad6c, \uc9d1\ucc29, \uac08\ub9dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uac13\ub09c\uc544\uc774\uc77c \ub54c\ubd80\ud130 \ud56d\uc0c1 \ubb34\uc5b8\uac00\ub97c \uc6d0\ud558\uace0 \ubb34\uc5b8\uac00\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\ub824\uace0 \uc190\uc744 \ubed7\uc5b4\uc654\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \uc18c\uc6d0\uc774 \ucda9\uc871\ub418\uba74 \ub610\ub2e4\ub978 \uc18c\uc6d0\uc774 \uadf8 \uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774 \ub05d\uc5c6\ub294 \uc758\uc9c0\ub294 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucda9\uc871\ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub294 ‘\uc758\uc9c0\uc758 \uc724\ud68c’\ub97c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud55c \uc11c\uc591 \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \ubd88\uad50 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uac00\ub85c \uaf3d\ud788\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc601\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub294 \ube44\ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uacf5\uac04\ub3c4 \uc2dc\uac04\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub294 \ucd08\uc6d4\uc801\uc778 \ub2e8\uc77c\uc790 \ubfd0\uc73c\ub85c, \ube44\uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc778\uc2dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70 \uc124\uba85\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uac83\uc778\ub370 \ube44\ud574, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc2e0\uccb4 \uac10\uac01\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc778\uc2dd\ub418\ub294 \uc138\uacc4\ub294 \uc77c\uc2dc\uc801\uc778 \ud604\uc0c1\uc758 \uc2a4\uccd0 \uc9c0\ub098\uac00\ub294 \uc1fc\ub098 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc790\ub180\uc774 \uac19\uc740 \uac83, \ub9c8\uc57c\uc758 \ubca0\uc77c\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc804\ud574 \ub098\uc628 \ubd88\uad50\ub294 \ubb34\uc2dc\uac04\uc801\uc778 \uc2e4\uc7ac\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubcc4\uac1c\uc758 \uc790\uc544\uac00 \uc5c6\uace0, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc874\uc7ac\uac00 \ud1b5\ud569\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uac01 \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \uace0\ud1b5\ucc98\ub7fc \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450\uc758 \uace0\ud1b5\uc774\uace0, \uc798\ubabb\ub41c \ud589\ub3d9\uc740 \uadf8 \ud589\uc704\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uace0\ud1b5\uc744 \uc785\ud78c\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \ub208\ubb3c\uc758 \uace8\uc9dc\uae30\ub85c \ubcf4\uae30\ub294 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc2dc\uacf5\uac04\uc758 \uc800\ud3b8\uc5d0 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac83\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ub3c4\ub355\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae0d\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uacac\ud574\ub97c \ucde8\ud558\uace0, \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uc790\ube44\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac83\uc774\ub77c \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\uc758 \ucca0\ud559\uc740 \ucd08\uc6d4\uacc4\uc640 \ud604\uc0c1\uacc4\uac00 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc2e4\uc7ac\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \ucd08\uc6d4\uacc4\ub3c4 \ubb34\uc5b8\uac00 \ub054\ucc0d\ud55c \uc138\uacc4\ub77c\ub294 \uacb0\ub860\uc744 \ub0b4\ub9b0\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ucd08\uc6d4\uacc4\ub97c \ub9f9\ubaa9\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ubaa9\uc801\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uace0 \ube44\uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc774\uba70 \ub3c4\ub355\uacfc\ub294 \ubb34\uad00\ud55c \ud798\uc774\ub098 \ucda9\ub3d9, \uc0b6\uc774\ub098 \uc0dd\ubb3c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc804\ud600 \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4. \uc54c\ub824\uc9c8 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc774\ud574\ub420 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc774 \ucd08\uc6d4\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\ub294 \uc758\uc9c0\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub800\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc0b6\uacfc \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ud574\ubc29\ub418\ub824\uba74 \uc774 \uc0b6\uc758 \ub9f9\ubaa9\uc801 \uc758\uc9c0, \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc758\uc9c0\ub97c \uadf9\ubcf5\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\ub7ec\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc758\uc9c0\ub97c \ub193\uc544\ubc84\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. (\uc11c\uc591\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc0ac \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uadf8\ub294 \uc5d0\ud06c\ud558\ub974\ud2b8 \uc2e0\ube44\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ub9e5\uc744 \uc787\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0\ub3c4 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.) \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc790\uc0b4\uc740 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uaca9\ub82c\ud55c \uc758\uc9c0\uc758 \ud45c\uba85\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\ub294 \ud754\ud788 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uacfc\ub294 \ub2ec\ub9ac \uacb0\ucf54 \uc790\uc0b4\uc744 \uc639\ud638\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74 \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \uad6c\uc6d0\uc740 \uc9d1\ucc29\uc744 \ub04a\uace0 \uac1c\uc785\uacfc \ucc38\uc5ec\ub97c \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70 \ub9f9\ubaa9\uc801\uc778 \uc0b6\uc5d0\uc758 \uc758\uc9c0\ub97c \ubd80\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc774\ucc98\ub7fc \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \ubd88\uad50\ub97c \ucca0\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2ec\uc624\ud558\uac8c \uc774\ud574\ud55c \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\ub294 \ubd88\uad50 \ucca0\ud559\uc744 \uc720\ub7fd \uc9c0\uc131\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc18c\uac1c\ud55c \uacf5\ub85c\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc720\ub7fd\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\uc758 \uc800\uc11c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ubd80\ucc98\ub2d8\uc758 \uac00\ub974\uce68\uc744 \uc54c\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9cc\ud07c \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \ubd88\uad50 \uc804\ud30c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\uac00 \ubbf8\uce5c \uc601\ud5a5\uc740 \uc9c0\ub300\ud558\uba70, \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \ubb38\ud654\uc801, \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc801, \ucca0\ud559\uc801 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc624\ub798\ub418\uace0 “\ud604\uba85\ud55c” \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc740, \uc120\uad6c\uc790\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n Title page of the expanded 1844 edition, The World as Will and Representation<\/p>\n <\/p>\n\t SeongKwang Hong \ud64d\uc131\uad11 \uc11c\uc6b8\ub300 \ub3c5\ubb38\uacfc \uc878, \ubb38\ud559\ubc15\uc0ac, \ubc88\uc5ed\uc791\uac00 \ubc0f \uc5d0\uc138\uc774 \uc791\uac00 RELATED POSTS<\/p>\n\tThe CLUMSY Plan Philosopher who spoke of salvation and happiness, Schopenhauer \uad6c\uc6d0\uacfc \ud589\ubcf5\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c \ucca0\ud559\uc790, \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4 Text by SeongKwang Hong \ud64d\uc131\uad11 Translation by Irene Song \uc1a1\ud6a8\uc815 Cover Image: Arthur Schopenhauer \u24d2Google Images Arthur Schopenhauer (1788~1860) was a thinker who challenged rationalist philosophy that actively developed in modern times. Schopenhauer, in his first book The World as Will and…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":321,"featured_media":36701,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"tpl-no-header-footer.php","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[32,39,25,28],"class_list":["post-38566","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-clumsy","tag-clumsy-style","tag-force","tag-season1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38566","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/321"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38566"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38566\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38912,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38566\/revisions\/38912"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36701"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38566"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38566"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38566"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/MS_Indic_37_Isa_upanisad._Wellcome_L0027330.jpg\")
\uc544\ub974\ud22c\uc5b4 \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4(Arthur Schopenhauer, 1788\u223c1860)\ub294 \uadfc\ub300\ubd80\ud130 \ubcf8\uaca9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\uac1c\ub41c \uc774\uc131\uc8fc\uc758 \ucca0\ud559\uc5d0 \uc815\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\uc804\ud55c \uc0ac\uc0c1\uac00\uc774\ub2e4. \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\ub294 \uc8fc\uc800 \u300e\uc758\uc9c0\uc640 \ud45c\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc138\uacc4Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung\u300f(1818)\uc5d0\uc11c \ud504\ub85c\uc774\uc13c\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\ucca0\ud559\uc790\uc600\ub358 \ud5e4\uac94\ub85c \ub300\ud45c\ub418\ub294 \uad00\ub150\ub860\uacfc \uc774\uc131 \ucca0\ud559\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \uc774\uc131\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc758\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ud30c\uc545\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub3c5\ud2b9\ud55c \uc758\uc9c0 \ucca0\ud559\uc744 \uc8fc\ucc3d\ud55c\ub2e4. (\ud5e4\uac94\uc758 \uc774\uc131\uacfc \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\uc758 \uc758\uc9c0\uc758 \ub300\ub9bd\uc740 \ub3d9\uc591 \ucca0\ud559\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c \uc774\u7406\uc640 \uae30\u6c23\uc758 \ub300\ub9bd\uc744 \uc0dd\uac01\ub098\uac8c \ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\uc758 \uc758\uc9c0\ub780 \uc0b6\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc758\ub3c4\uc801\uc778 \ud589\uc704\uc640\ub294 \ubb34\uad00\ud574\uc11c, ‘\uc695\ub9dd,’ ‘\ud798’ \ub610\ub294 ‘\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0’\uac00 \ub354 \ub098\uc740 \ud45c\ud604\uc77c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub978\ub2e4.) \uadf8\uc758 \uae00\uc740 \ub098\uc911\uc5d0 \uc0dd \ucca0\ud559, \uc2e4\uc874\ucca0\ud559\uacfc \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc791\uac00\ub4e4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud504\ub85c\uc774\ud2b8\uc640 \uc735\uc758 \uc815\uc2e0\ubd84\uc11d\ud559\uc5d0 \ud070 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ub07c\ucce4\ub2e4. \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\uc758 \uc758\uc9c0\ub294 \ud50c\ub77c\ud1a4 \ucca0\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 ‘\uc774\ub370\uc544’, \uce78\ud2b8 \ucca0\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 ‘\uc0ac\ubb3c \uc790\uccb4’, \uc815\uc2e0\ubd84\uc11d\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 ‘\ubb34\uc758\uc2dd’\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ube44\ud569\ub9ac\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud55c \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2c8\uccb4\ub97c \uc55e\uc120 \ud3ec\uc2a4\ud2b8\ubaa8\ub354\ub2c8\uc998\uc758 \uc120\uad6c\uc801 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uac00\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/will-and-representation-1-709x1024.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n
Translator \ubc88\uc5ed\uac00<\/p>\n
\uc800\uc11c\ub85c\u00a0\u300e\ub3c5\uc77c \uba85\uc791 \uae30\ud589\u300f,\u00a0\u300e\uae00 \uc77d\uae30\uc640 \uae38 \uc783\uae30\u300f,
\uc5ed\uc11c\ub85c\u00a0\uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\uc758\u00a0\u300e\uc758\uc9c0\uc640 \ud45c\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\u300f \u300e\uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\uc758 \ud589\ubcf5\ub860\uacfc \uc778\uc0dd\ub860\u300f
\u300e\uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\uc640 \ub2c8\uccb4\uc758 \ucc45 \uc77d\uae30\uc640 \uae00\uc4f0\uae30\u300f,\u00a0\ub2c8\uccb4\uc758\u00a0\u300e\ub2c8\uccb4\uc758 \uc9c0\ud61c\u300f
\u300e\ucc28\ub77c\ud22c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4\u300f \u300e\ub3c4\ub355\uc758 \uacc4\ubcf4\ud559\u300f,
\ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4 \ub9cc\uc758 \uc815\uce58 \uc5d0\uc138\uc774 \u300e\uc608\uc220\uacfc \uc815\uce58\u300f, \u300e\ub9c8\uc758 \uc0b0\u300f(\uc0c1\u00b7\ud558)
\u300e\ubd80\ub374\ube0c\ub85c\ud06c \uac00\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\u300f(\uc0c1\u00b7\ud558) \ub4f1.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t![\"\u1112\u1169\u11bc\u1109\u1165\u11bc\u1100\u116a\u11bc4\"](\"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/\u1112\u1169\u11bc\u1109\u1165\u11bc\u1100\u116a\u11bc4.jpeg\" "\\"\u1112\u1169\u11bc\u1109\u1165\u11bc\u1100\u116a\u11bc4\\"")
\n\t
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\n\uc774\uc6a9\uc57d\uad00<\/a>\u00a0 \uc815\uae30\uacfc\uae08\uc774\uc6a9\uc57d\uad00<\/a> \u00a0\uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4\ucde8\uae09\ubc29\uce68<\/a>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"