{"id":38582,"date":"2022-04-01T10:32:28","date_gmt":"2022-04-01T01:32:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/?p=38582"},"modified":"2022-10-28T08:25:36","modified_gmt":"2022-10-27T23:25:36","slug":"metaphysical-light-in-turin-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/blog-metaphysical-light-in-turin-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Metaphysical Light in Turin 1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\tMetaphysical Light in Turin
\n\ud29c\ub9b0\uc758 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc801 \ube5b\n\t

01<\/p>\n\tText by Guy Davenport\u00a0\uac00\uc774 \ub2e4\ubca4\ud3ec\ud2b8
\nTranslation by Mimi Park \ubc15\uc0c1\ubbf8\n\t

On 7 April 1888, Friedrich Nietzsche, in Turin and in the last months of any lucidity of mind before the decade of insanity with which his life ended, wrote to his friend and amanuensis, the musician Peter Gast: “But Turin! . . . This is really the city which I can now use!”<\/p>\n

This is palpably for me, and was so almost from the start, however horrible the situation was for the first days. Above all, miserable rainy weather; icy changeable, oppressive to the nerves, with humid, warm hours between. But what a dignified and serious city! Not at all a metropolis, not at all mod\u00adern, as I had feared, but a princely residence of the seven\u00adteenth century, one that had only a single commanding taste in all things-the court and the noblesse. Everywhere the aristocratic calm has been kept: there are no petty suburbs; a unity of taste even in matters of color (the whole city is yellow or reddish brown). And a classical place for the feet as for the eyes! What robustness, what sidewalks, not to men\u00adtion the buses and trams, the organization of which verges on the marvelous here. . . . What serious and solemn palaces . . . the streets clean and serious-and everything far more digni\u00adfied than I had expected! The most beautiful cafes I have ever seen. These arcades are somewhat necessary when the climate is so changeable, but they are spacious\u4e00they do not oppress one. The evening on the Po Bridge\u4e00glorious. Beyond good and evil!<\/p>\n

\"\"
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n



This vision of a nineteenth-century Italian city in transition between one age and another, keeping its ancient lineaments while gracefully incorporating electric trams and the railroad, erecting bronze equestrian statues in its squares and gardens, a city of libraries and learning, would come to an end for Nietzsche on 3 January 1889, in the Piazza Carlo Alberto*. Here he saw an old draft horse being cruelly beaten. He tried to defend the horse, embracing it and calling it brother, and in that moment his mind went dark forever.<\/p>\n

When Nietzsche fell, Georg Brandes was giving a course of lectures on him in Denmark. As witness to his collapse, there stood around him the Palazzo Carignano, built in 1680 by Guarini, which had served as the Sardinian Chamber of Deputies in the 1840s and as the Parliament of Italy in the 1860s. In Nietzsche’s day it had become a museum of nat\u00adural history. In front of it stands a statue of a philosopher, Vincenzo Gioberti, whose Ciceronian career had shaped the modern Italian state, whose life had been as public and practical as Nietzsche’s had been pri\u00advate and futile. The square also contained a bronze equestrian statue of King Carlo Alberto, together with his palace, which had been made into the Galleria dell’Industria Subalpina.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Piazza Carignano, Turin<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n



Before he fell, Nietzsche had come to the conclusion that all history and meaning were arbitrary, a fiction from our minds. All that we could be certain of was that every event would happen over and over again. Character, as Heraclitus had said, is fate; and man in his blindness and with the one unchanging and irredeemable character would stumble for\u00adever into the one tragic fate. The same anew, as Joyce would say in Fin\u00adnegans Wake.<\/i><\/p>\n

We have a description of Nietzsche’s worktable from this period. Paul Deussen in his memoirs recounts a visit with Nietzsche at Sils Maria, just before he went to Turin. “The furniture [of his one room] was as simple as could be. To one side, I saw his books, most of which were familiar to me from before, a rustic table with a coffee cup on it, egg shells, manuscripts, toilet articles, all in great disorder, which spread over a bootjack with boots attached, to the still unmade bed.”<\/p>\n

\"\"
Nietzsche’s room in Sils Maria \u24d2NIETZSCHE-HAUS<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n

The beauty of Turin, especially on clear autumn days, occurs in many letters of Nietzsche. A blue sky, he explained, collected his thoughts. He liked the geometry of the city. He saw classical continuities, orderliness, a modern briskness. And the whole was drenched in melancholy and nostalgia.<\/p>\n\n

Nietzsche’s vision of recurring fate in Turin was to become the inspiration for the painting of the Greek-Italian painter *Giorgio De Chirico. Writing his memoirs in the 1960s, De Chirico remembered trying to get German students in Munich to understand the significance of the streets of Turin in Nietzsche’s thought:<\/p>\n\n

I observed [De Chirico says] that Fritz and Kurt Gatz [though obsessed by the philosophical ideas of Nietzsche] had not in fact understood what constituted the true novelty discovered by [him]. This novelty is a strange and profound poetry, infi\u00adnitely mysterious and solitary, which is based on the Stimmung (I use this very effective German word which could be translated as atmosphere in the moral sense), the Stimmung, I repeat, of an autumn afternoon, when the sky is clear and the shadows are longer than in summer. . . . This extra\u00ad-ordinary sensation can be found (but it is necessary, naturally, to have the good fortune to possess my exceptional faculties) in Italian cities and in Mediterranean cities like Genoa or Nice; but the Italian city par excellence where this extraordinary phenomenon appears is Turin.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Giorgio de Chirico, The Red Tower(La tour rouge), 1913<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n

And later in these memoirs: “I [began] to paint subjects in which I tried to express the strong and mysterious feeling I had discovered in the books of Nietzsche: the melancholy of beautiful autumn days, afternoons in Italian cities.”<\/p>\n

De Chirico’s early work has entered the sensibility of our time with a success equaled only by that of Picasso in his cubist period. It has, in Valery’s phrase, become part of the permanent furniture of our mind. In a typical De Chirico we see an Italian square, with arcades. The sky is autumnal blue, the shadows are long. In the foreground there is always an array of unaccountable figures and objects, large artichokes, or a girl playing with a hoop, broken classical statuary, and in the background the inevitable train. The general effect is one of enigma. Later, when Guillaume Apollinaire discovered De Chirico, he invented the term surrealism, to indicate not irrational, dreamlike fantasy (as the word has come to mean) but realism so charged with a metaphysical awareness of being that it is a revelation.<\/p>\n

*
Giorgio de Chirico (1888-1978)
“It was Turin that inspired all of the paintings in the series I painted from 1912 to 1915. I truthfully confess that they also owe much to Friedrich Nietzsche of whom I was a passionate reader at the time. His Ecce homo, written in Turin shortly before falling into madness, greatly helped me understand the particular beauty of this city. The real season for Turin, during which her metaphysical grace reveals itself best, is Autumn; an autumn which has nothing in common with the romantic autumn, with the sky littered with clouds, with dead leaves and the departure of swallows. The autumn which Turin revealed to me is cheerful, even if it is certainly not a striking and multicoloured cheerfulness. It is something immense, of a time near and far, of a great serenity and a great purity. It is very close to the joy which a convalescent experiences when he comes through a long and painful disease. It is the season of philosophers, poets and artists inclined to philosophise.”
–in a text written in 1935 French by Maurizio Calvesi<\/p>\n

1888\ub144 4\uc6d4 7\uc77c \ud504\ub9ac\ub4dc\ub9ac\ud788 \ub2c8\uccb4\uac00 \ud29c\ub9b0\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc8fd\uae30 \uc804 10\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc815\uc2e0 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774 \ub418\uae30 \uc804 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \uba87 \ub2ec\uc744 \uadf8\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\ub0bc \ub54c, \uce5c\uad6c\uc774\uc790 \uc870\uc218, \uc74c\uc545\uac00\uc778 \ud53c\ud130 \uac00\uc2a4\ud2b8*\uc5d0\uac8c \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0c8\ub2e4. “\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc… \ud29c\ub9b0! \ub098\ub294 \uc9c0\uae08 \uc774 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c\ub9cc \ud558\ub124!”<\/p>\n

\uc774\uac74 \ubd84\uba85\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\ub124. \ucc98\uc74c \uba70\uce60\uc740 \uc815\ub9d0 \uc0c1\ud669\uc774 \ucd5c\uc545\uc774\uc5c8\ub294\ub370\ub3c4, \ucc98\uc74c\ubd80\ud130 \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \ub290\uaf08\uc5b4. \uc6b0\uc911\ucda9\ud558\uac8c \ube44\uac00 \uc624\ub2e4\uac00 \ubc14\ub85c \uc5bc\uc74c\uc774 \uc5bc \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \ucd94\uc6cc\uc9c0\ub2c8 \uc2e0\uacbd\uc5d0 \uc815\ub9d0 \uc548 \uc88b\uc558\uc9c0. \uc774\ub530\uae08\uc529 \uc2b5\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub530\ub73b\ud560 \ub54c\ub97c \ube7c\uba74 \ub9d0\uc774\uc57c. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ud488\uc704 \uc788\uace0 \ubb35\uc9c1\ud55c \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc778\uc9c0 \ubab0\ub77c! \ub0b4\uac00 \ub450\ub824\uc6cc\ud588\ub358 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ub300\ub3c4\uc2dc\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\uace0 \ud604\ub300\uc801\uc778 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\uace0, 17\uc138\uae30\uc758 \uc6c5\uc7a5\ud55c \uc8fc\uac70\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc774\ub77c\ub124. \uc774 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uac00 \uac16\ub294 \uc8fc\ub3c4\uc801\uc778 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ub290\ub08c\uc740 \uc655\uc2e4\uacfc \uadc0\uc871\uc758 \uadf8\uac83\uc774\uc5c8\uc5b4. \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \uc5b4\ub51c \uac00\ub098 \uadc0\uc871\uc801\uc778 \uace0\uc694\ud568\uc774 \uc788\uace0, \uc639\uc878\ud55c \uad50\uc678 \ub3d9\ub124\ub294 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub124. \uc0c9\ucc44\ub3c4 \ud1b5\uc77c\uac10\uc774 \uc788\uc5b4. (\ub3c4\uc2dc \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ud1a4\uc740 \ud669\uc0c9\uacfc \uc801\uac08\uc0c9\uc774\uc57c) \uac8c\ub2e4\uac00 \ubcf4\uae30\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc88b\uc9c0\ub9cc \uac77\uae30\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc88b\uc740 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub77c\uace0! \ubc84\uc2a4\uc640 \ud2b8\ub7a8\uc744 \ub9d0\ud560 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uace0 \ud0c4\ud0c4\ud55c \ub3c4\ubcf4\ub294 \uc2e0\uae30\ud560 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uc9c8\uc11c \uc815\uc5f0\ud558\ub124. \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uc9c4\uc911\ud558\uace0 \uc6c5\uc7a5\ud55c \uacf3\uc778\uac00… \uac70\ub9ac\ub294 \uae68\ub057\ud558\uace0 \uc798 \uc124\uacc4\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uace0, \ub0b4\uac00 \uae30\ub300\ud588\ub358 \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud6e8\uc52c \ud488\uaca9\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\ub124. \ub0b4\uac00 \ubcf8 \uc911 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6b4 \uce74\ud398\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uace0, \uc774\ub7f0 \uc544\ucf00\uc774\ub4dc\ub294 \ubcc0\ud654\ubb34\uc30d\ud55c \ub0a0\uc528 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uac8c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc778\ub370 \uacf5\uac04\uc774 \uaf64 \ub113\uc5b4\uc11c \ub2f5\ub2f5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544. \ud3ecPo \ub2e4\ub9ac \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc800\ub141 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uba74\u2015 \uc120\uacfc \uc545\uc744 \ucd08\uc6d4\ud574\uc11c, \ud658\uc0c1\uc801\uc774\ub77c\ub124!<\/p>\n

\ud29c\ub9b0\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub3c4\uc2dc, \ud55c \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub2e4\uc74c \uc2dc\ub300\ub85c \ubcc0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub358, 19\uc138\uae30 \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \uc774 \ub3c4\uc2dc\u2015\uc6b0\uc544\ud558\uac8c \uc804\ucc28\uc640 \ucca0\ub85c\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5ec\ub193\uc73c\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \uace0\ub300 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \uc724\uacfd\uc744 \uc9c0\ud0a4\uace0, \uad11\uc7a5\uacfc \uacf5\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uae30\ub9c8\uc0c1\uc744 \uc138\uc6b0\ub294, \uad50\uc721\uacfc \ub3c4\uc11c\uad00\uc758 \ub3c4\uc2dc\u2015\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub2c8\uccb4\uc758 \uc2dc\uac01\uc740 1889\ub144 1\uc6d4 3\uc77c \uce74\ub97c\ub85c \uc54c\ubca0\ub974\ud1a0(\uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c\ub294 \uce74\ub9ac\ub0d0\ub178) \uad11\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c0\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uad11\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2c8\uccb4\ub294 \uc218\ub808\ub97c \ub044\ub294 \ub299\uc740 \ub9d0\uc774 \uc794\uc778\ud558\uac8c \ucc44\ucc0d\uc9c8 \ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubcf8 \uc21c\uac04, \ub9d0\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub824\uace0 \ub6f0\uc5b4\uac00 \ud615\uc81c\ub77c \ubd80\ub974\uba70 \uaef4\uc548\uc73c\uba70 \uc4f0\ub7ec\uc84c\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc601\uc6d0\ud788 \uc81c\uc815\uc2e0\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc624\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

*\ud53c\ud130 \uac00\uc2a4\ud2b8 Peter Gast (1854-1918)
\uc694\ud55c \ud558\uc778\ub9ac\ud788 \ucfa8\uc140\ub9ac\uce20 Johann Heinrich K\u00f6selitz \ub3c5\uc77c\uc758 \uc791\uac00, \uc791\uace1\uac00. \ub2c8\uccb4\uc758 \uc624\ub79c \uce5c\uad6c\uc600\uace0, \ub2c8\uccb4\uac00 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \ud53c\ud130 \uac00\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c\ub294 \uc608\uba85\uc744 \uc9c0\uc5b4\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\"\"
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n



\ub2c8\uccb4\uac00 \uc4f0\ub7ec\uc84c\uc744 \ub54c \uac8c\uc624\ub974\uadf8 \ube0c\ub77c\ub124\uc2a4*\ub294 \ub374\ub9c8\ud06c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2c8\uccb4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc218\uc5c5\uc744 \uac15\uc758\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1680\ub144 \uad6c\uc544\ub9ac\ub2c8Guarini\uac00 \uc138\uc6b4 \uce74\ub9ac\ub0d0\ub178 \uad81\u20151840\ub144\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0ac\ub974\ub514\ub2c8\uc544 \ud558\uc6d0 \uac74\ubb3c\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, 1860\ub144\ub300\ub294 \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \uad6d\ud68c\uc600\ub358\u2015\uc774 \ub2c8\uccb4\uac00 \uc4f0\ub7ec\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubaa9\uaca9\ud558\ub4ef, \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0 \uc11c \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uac74\ubb3c\uc740 \ub2c8\uccb4\uac00 \ud29c\ub9b0\uc5d0 \uc788\uc744 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0\ub294 \uc790\uc5f0\uc0ac \ubc15\ubb3c\uad00\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc6a9\ub410\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc815\ubb38 \uc55e\uc5d0\ub294 \ucca0\ud559\uc790 \ube48\uc13c\uc870 \uc9c0\uc624\ubca0\ub974\ud2f0*\uc758 \ub3d9\uc0c1\uc774 \uc138\uc6cc\uc838 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\ub294 \ud0a4\ucf00\ub85c\uc2dd\uc758 \ucee4\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud604\ub300 \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544\ub77c\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uc7a5\ubcf8\uc778\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \uc0b6\uc774 \uacf5\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4\uba74 \ub2c8\uccb4\uc758 \uc0b6\uc740 \uc0ac\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ubcf4\uc798\uac83\uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uad11\uc7a5\uc5d0\ub294 \uce74\ub97c\ub85c \uc54c\ubca0\ub974\ud1a0 \uc655\uc758 \uae30\ub9c8\uc0c1\uc774 \ub610\ud55c \uc138\uc6cc\uc838 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc774 \ub3d9\uc0c1\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \uad81\uc804\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc218\ubc1c\ud53c\ub098 \uac24\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/p>\n

*\uac8c\uc624\ub974\uadf8 \ube0c\ub77c\ub124\uc2a4 Georg Brandes\u00a0(1842-1927)
\ub374\ub9c8\ud06c\uc758 \ubb38\ud559\ube44\ud3c9\uac00, \uc778\ubb38\ud559\uc790<\/p>\n

*\ube48\uc820\uc870 \uc9c0\uc624\ubca0\ub974\ud2f0 Vincenzo Gioberti (1801-1852)
\uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \uc885\uad50\uc778, \ucca0\ud559\uc790, \uc815\uce58\uac00<\/p>\n

\uc4f0\ub7ec\uc9c0\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \ub2c8\uccb4\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc640 \uadf8 \uc758\ubbf8\ub294 \uc790\uc758\uc801\uc774\ub77c\uace0, \uc6b0\ub9ac \uba38\ub9bf\uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc5b4\ub0b8 \ud53d\uc158\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uacb0\ub860 \ub0b4\ub838\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud655\uc2e0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub2e4\ub9cc \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0ac\uac74\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uace0 \ub610\ub2e4\uc2dc \ubc18\ubcf5\ub418\uc5b4 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud5e4\ub77c\ud074\ub9ac\ud22c\uc2a4\uac00 \ub9d0\ud55c \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc, \uc131\uaca9\uc774 \uc6b4\uba85\uc778 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub208\uba3c \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcc0\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uace0 \uace0\uccd0\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc131\uaca9\uc774 \uc601\uc6d0\ud788 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ube44\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc6b4\uba85 \uc18d\uc73c\ub85c \uc4f0\ub7ec\uc838 \ubc84\ub9b0 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc870\uc774\uc2a4\uac00 <\ud53c\ub124\uac04\uc758 \uacbd\uc57c>\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9d0\ud55c \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc “\uac19\uc740 \uac83\uc774 \uc0c8\ub86d\uac8c \ubc18\ubcf5\ub41c\ub2e4.”<\/p>\n

\uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ub2c8\uccb4\uc758 \uc791\uc5c5 \ucc45\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae30\ub85d\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud3f4 \ub4dc\uc13c*\uc774 \uadf8\uc758 \uc790\uc11c\uc804\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2c8\uccb4\uac00 \ud29c\ub9b0\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uae30 \uc9c1\uc804 \uc2e4\uc988\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\ub85c \uadf8\ub97c \ubc29\ubb38\ud588\ub358 \uc77c\ud654\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uae30\uc220\ud588\uc5c8\ub2e4. ‘(\uadf8\uc758 \ud55c\ucabd \ubc29\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294) \uac00\uad6c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc870\ucd10\ud588\ub2e4. \ud55c\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\uc758 \ucc45\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \ub0b4\uac00 \uc608\uc804\uc5d0 \ubcf8 \uc801\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \ucc45\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ucee4\ud53c\uc794\uacfc \uacc4\ub780 \uaecd\uc9c8, \uc6d0\uace0 \ub354\ubbf8, \uc138\uba74\ub3c4\uad6c\uac00 \uc5b4\uc9c0\ub7fd\uac8c \ub193\uc778 \ub0a1\uc740 \ud0c1\uc790, \uadf8 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0\ub294 \ubd80\uce20\uc7ad\uc774 \ub07c\uc6cc\uc9c4 \ubd80\uce20\uc640 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc815\ub3c8\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uce68\ub300\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.’<\/p>\n

\ud29c\ub9b0\uc758 \uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6c0, \ud2b9\ud788 \ub9d1\uc740 \uac00\uc744\ub0a0\uc758 \uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6c0\uc740 \ub2c8\uccb4\uac00 \uc11c\uc2e0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubc88 \uc5b8\uae09\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ud29c\ub9b0\uc758 \ud30c\ub780 \ud558\ub298\uc744 \ubcf4\uba74 \uc0dd\uac01\uc774 \uc815\ub9ac\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub610 \ud29c\ub9b0\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \uae30\ud558\ud559\uc801 \uad6c\uc131\uc744 \uc88b\uc544\ud588\ub2e4. \uace0\uc804\uc801\uc778 \uc9c8\uc11c\uc640 \uac00\uc9c0\ub7f0\ud568, \ud604\ub300\uc801\uc778 \ud65c\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc774 \uba5c\ub791\ucf5c\ub9ac\uc640 \ub178\uc2a4\ud0e4\uc9c0\uc5b4\uc5d0 \uc7a0\uaca8\uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4<\/p>\n

*\ud3f4 \ub4dc\uc13c Paul Deussen\u00a0(1845-1919)
\ub3c5\uc77c\uc758 \uc778\ub3c4\ud559\uc790\ub85c, \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ud06c\uac8c \ubc1b\uc558\uace0 \ub2c8\uccb4\uc758 \uce5c\uad6c\uc600\ub2e4. 1911\ub144 \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4 \ud68c\ub97c \ucc3d\ub9bd\ud558\uace0, \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6b0\uc5b4 \uc5f0\ubcf4\ub97c \ubc1c\ud589\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud29c\ub9b0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub2c8\uccb4\uc758 ‘\ub418\ud480\uc774\ub418\ub294 \uc6b4\uba85’\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc0dd\uac01\uc740 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\uacc4 \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544 \ud654\uac00\uc778 \uc870\ub974\uc9c0\uc624 \ub514 \ud0a4\ub9ac\ucf54*\uc758 \ud68c\ud654 \uc791\uc5c5\uc758 \uc601\uac10\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1960\ub144\ub300 \ud0a4\ub9ac\ucf54\ub294 \uc790\uc11c\uc804\uc744 \uc4f0\ub358 \uc911 \ud29c\ub9b0\uc758 \uac70\ub9ac\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub2c8\uccb4\uac00 \ud55c \uc0dd\uac01\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uae30 \uc704\ud574, \ubb8c\ud5e8\uc5d0 \ub3c5\uc77c \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc744 \ub370\ub9ac\uace0 \uc624\ub824\ub358 \uac83\uc744 \ud68c\uc0c1\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

[\ub514 \ud0a4\ub9ac\ucf54\uac00 \ub9d0\ud558\uae38] \ub098\ub294 \ud504\ub9ac\uce20\uc640 \ucee4\ud2b8 \uac00\uce20\uac00 [\ub2c8\uccb4\uc758 \ucca0\ud559\uc801 \uad00\uc810\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ube60\uc838\uc788\uc5c8\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0] \uadf8\uac00 \uc9c4\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uacac\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uc9c0 \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubc1c\uacac\uc774\ub780 \uae30\uc774\ud558\uace0\ub3c4 \uc2ec\uc624\ud55c \uc2dc\uc815\uc73c\ub85c, \uc774\ub294 \ubb34\ud55c\ud788 \uc2e0\ube44\ub86d\uace0 \uace0\ub3c5\ud55c \uc815\uc11c\ub85c, \uc774\ub294 \uc288\ud2f0\ubb49stimmung[\ub3c4\ub355\uc801\uc778 \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c “\ubd84\uc704\uae30”\ub97c \ub73b\ud558\ub294 \uc774 \ub3c5\uc77c \ub9d0\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc720\uc6a9\ud558\ub2e4] \uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ubc18\ubcf5\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uac00\uc744 \uc624\ud6c4\uc758 \uc288\ud2f0\ubb49, \uc989 \ud558\ub298\uc740 \uccad\uba85\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc790\ub294 \uc5ec\ub984\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uae38\uc5b4\uc84c\uc744 \ub54c\uc758 \ubd84\uc704\uae30\ub97c \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc815\uc11c\ub294 \uc81c\ub178\uc544\uc640 \ub2c8\uc2a4 \uac19\uc740 \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc640 \uc9c0\uc911\ud574\uc758 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub290\ub084 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. (\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud558\uac8c\ub3c4 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc815\uc11c\ub97c \ub290\ub084 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub098\uc758 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \uac16\ub294 \ud589\uc6b4\uc774 \ub530\ub77c\uc8fc\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.) \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\ub7f0 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \ud29c\ub9b0 \uac19\uc740 \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc57c\ub9d0\ub85c \uc6d4\ub4f1\ud55c \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \uac16\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub098\uc911\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub294 \uc790\uc11c\uc804\uc5d0\uc11c “\ub098\ub294 \ub2c8\uccb4\uc758 \ucc45\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uacac\ud55c \uc774 \uac15\ub82c\ud558\uace0 \uc2e0\ube44\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub290\ub08c\u2015\uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ub290\ub07c\ub294 \uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6b4 \uac00\uc744 \uc624\ud6c4\uc758 \uba5c\ub791\ucf5c\ub9ac\u2015\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4.”\uace0 \uc37c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub514 \ud0a4\ub9ac\ucf54\uc758 \ucd08\uae30\uc791\uc740 \ud53c\uce74\uc18c\uac00 \uc785\uccb4\uc8fc\uc758 \uc2dc\uae30\uc640 \ud544\uc801\ud560 \uc815\ub3c4\uc758 \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc778 \uc791\uc5c5\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc2dc\ub300 \uc815\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ud544\ud588\ub2e4. \ubc1c\ub808\ub9ac\uc758 \ud45c\ud604\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, \uadf8\uc758 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uba38\ub9bf\uc18d\uc5d0 \uc601\uad6c\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uac00\uad6c\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc804\ud615\uc801\uc778 \uadf8\uc758 \ucd08\uae30\uc791\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc544\ucf00\uc774\ub4dc\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544 \ub3c4\uc2dc \uad11\uc7a5\uc744 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud558\ub298\uc740 \uac00\uc744\uc758 \uccad\uc0c9\uc774\uace0 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc790\ub294 \uae38\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9bc\uc758 \uc55e\ucabd\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uacfc \ubb3c\uac74\ub4e4, \ucee4\ub2e4\ub780 \uc544\ud2f0\ucd08\ud06c\ub098 \uad74\ub801\uc1e0\ub97c \uad74\ub9ac\ub294 \uc18c\ub140, \uc870\uac01\ub09c \uace0\uc804 \uc870\uac01\uc0c1 \uac19\uc740 \uac83\uc774 \uc788\uace0, \ub4a4\ucabd\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \uae30\ucc28\uac00 \uc9c0\ub098\uac04\ub2e4. \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\uc774\ud558\uace0 \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \ub290\ub08c\uc744 \uc900\ub2e4. \ub098\uc911\uc5d0 \uae30\uc6a4 \uc544\ud3f4\ub9ac\ub124\ub974\uac00 \ub514 \ud0a4\ub9ac\ucf54\ub97c \ubc1c\uacac\ud588\uc744 \ub54c \uadf8\ub294 ‘\ucd08\ud604\uc2e4\uc8fc\uc758’\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc744 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uc37c\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub9d0\uc740 \ube44\uc774\uc131\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uafc8 \uac19\uc740 \ud310\ud0c0\uc9c0\ub97c \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uace0(\uc774 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \ub418\uace0 \ub9d0\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc) \uc874\uc7ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc801 \uc790\uac01\uc774 \ub108\ubb34\ub098 \uac15\ub82c\ud574\uc11c \ub9c8\uce58 \uacc4\uc2dc\ucc98\ub7fc \ub290\uaef4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \ub9ac\uc5bc\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \ub73b\ud55c\ub2e4. (\uacc4\uc18d)<\/p>\n

*\uc870\ub974\uc9c0\uc624 \ub514 \ud0a4\ub9ac\ucf54 Giorgio de Chirico (1888-1978)<\/p>\n“1912\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1915\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub0b4\uac00 \uadf8\ub9b0 \uc5f0\uc791\ub4e4\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 \ud29c\ub9b0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc601\uac10\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub0b4\uac00 \uc9c4\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ubc31\ud558\uac74\ub300, \uc774 \uadf8\ub9bc\ub4e4\uc740 \ub610\ud55c \uadf8\uc988\uc74c \ub0b4\uac00 \uc5f4\ub82c\ud788 \uc77d\ub358 \ud504\ub9ac\ub4dc\ub9ac\ud788 \ub2c8\uccb4\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uac83\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac00 \ud29c\ub9b0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc4f0\ub7ec\uc838 \uc815\uc2e0 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774 \ub418\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc9d1\ud544\ud55c “\uc774 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc744 \ubcf4\ub77c”\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6c0\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud29c\ub9b0\uc758 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc801 \uc6b0\uc544\ud568\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc798 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub098\ub294 \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uacc4\uc808\uc740 \uac00\uc744\uc774\ub2e4…. \ud29c\ub9b0\uc774 \ub0b4\uac8c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900 \uac00\uc744\uc740 \ud604\ub780\ud55c \ud615\ud615\uc0c9\uc0c9\uc758 \ud65c\uae30\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud65c\uae30\ucc3c\uace0, \uac00\uae5d\uace0 \uba3c \uc2dc\uac04\uc758, \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \uc815\uc801\uacfc \uc21c\uc218\ub97c \uac04\uc9c1\ud55c \uac70\ub300\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \ucca0\ud559\uc790, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ucca0\ud559\uc801\uc778 \uc2dc\uc778, \uc608\uc220\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uacc4\uc808\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.”\n\n– \ub9c8\uc6b0\ub9ac\uc9c0\uc624 \uce7c\ubca0\uc2dc Maurizio Calvesi (\uc778\uc6a9\ubb38\uc740 \uc870\ub974\uc9c0\uc624 \ub514 \ud0a4\ub9ac\ucf54\uac00 1935\ub144 \ubd88\uc5b4\ub85c \uc4f4 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\ucdcc\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud568)\n

\"\"
Giorgio de Chirico, Mystery and Melancholy of a Street, 1914<\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n\t

RELATED POSTS<\/p>\n\tThe CLUMSY Plan
\nAddress : 4Fl. 199 Itaewon-ro (Itaewon-dong) Yongsan-gu, Seoul
\nInquiry : 02 – 723 – 2973, info@thomasparkgallery.com
\n\uc774\uc6a9\uc57d\uad00<\/a>\u00a0 \uc815\uae30\uacfc\uae08\uc774\uc6a9\uc57d\uad00<\/a> \u00a0\uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4\ucde8\uae09\ubc29\uce68<\/a>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Metaphysical Light in Turin \ud29c\ub9b0\uc758 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc801 \ube5b 01 Text by Guy Davenport\u00a0\uac00\uc774 \ub2e4\ubca4\ud3ec\ud2b8 Translation by Mimi Park \ubc15\uc0c1\ubbf8 On 7 April 1888, Friedrich Nietzsche, in Turin and in the last months of any lucidity of mind before the decade of insanity with which his life ended, wrote to his friend and amanuensis, the musician Peter…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":321,"featured_media":36712,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"tpl-no-header-footer.php","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[162,158],"tags":[18,44],"class_list":["post-38582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guy-davenport","category-writing","tag-form","tag-guy-davenport"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38582","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/321"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38582"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38582\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38907,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38582\/revisions\/38907"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36712"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38582"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38582"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/clumsy.site\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}